The article considers physical modeling for aluminum alloy 7075, widely used in mechanical engineering, in particular for elements of aircraft structures. This alloy differs from other rolled aluminum-based alloys not only by high values of strength properties, but also by the presence of a large number of intermetallic compounds of alloying elements. The workpiece for the parts is a round rolled product with regulated mechanical properties. Thus, the purpose of this work was to determine the effect of the deformation pattern that occurs in metal during bar rolling on the mechanical properties of blanks of parts made of aluminum alloy 7075. The present study draws attention to the importance of physical modeling in determining the characteristics of materials necessary for effective management of plastic processing processes. Analyzing the results of physical modeling, we identify the optimal parameters of material processing, such as microstructure, mechanical properties and chemical composition. The results obtained allow a deeper understanding of the physical mechanisms underlying the production of blanks (rods) from aluminum rods of alloy 7075 by rolling, as well as optimizing it to achieve the required technical characteristics of products. Thus, as a result of physical modeling of the rolling process of bars made of aluminum alloy 7075, it was found that when the samples are deformed at a temperature of 250 ° C, the value of the plasticizing stress decreases by about 18%, and a more uniform distribution of microhardness over the transverse and longitudinal sections was obtained compared with deformation at a temperature of 200 ° C. The research is of practical importance for the metalworking industry, and can also be used for educational purposes to train specialists in the field of materials science and metalworking.

https://doi.org/10.48081/BWSE1265

2024

Issue 1

Bus rolling stock is the simplest type of urban passenger public transport. It does not require significant costs for special transport devices (contact network, devices for supplying electricity, rail tracks), the commissioning time is short, you can quickly change routes, quickly organize transportation in large volumes for one-time needs. This article analyzes the participation of buses in mass passenger traffic in five major cities of Kazakhstan, and also describes the state of regular passenger traffic in the city of Astana. The main indicators influencing the efficiency of the city's passenger transport system are given. The expediency of keeping records of indicators of the use of the fleet of rolling stock in the context of one day, and not for a period, is substantiated. The work of the GPT in the conditions of Astana, in particular, on the lines serviced by the rolling stock of Autopark No. 1, was also studied and it was found that the quality of the organization of the transportation of passengers of the GPT is significantly affected by downtime associated with premature breakdown and failure of the main critical parts and bus nodes. The necessity of research and study of the quality of the organization and performance of repair and restoration work in the conditions of domestic auto enterprises has been established. Since it directly affects the efficiency of the city's passenger transport system.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ZKUK9848

2023

Issue 4

The results of laboratory and industrial tests on a new design of a baked anode for aluminum electrolyzers are presented. At present, in the process of dismantling anodes from anode holders, there is a problem with the incomplete removal of cast iron filling from steel nipples. At loose contact of the nipple with the carbon block, there is the formation of a solid cast iron layer between the nipple and the anode, which leads to the formation of a thick solid bottom of the cast iron filling without a central hole provided in the corresponding drawing. This situation makes it difficult to remove the cast iron casting from the steel nipple. Moreover, the increased thickness of the bottom of the cast iron casting results in additional electrical resistance, which reduces electrical conductivity and adversely affects the voltage across the contact between the nipple and the anode. The anode of the new design offers a solution to this problem. A feature of the new anode design is the modification of the cast iron casting geometry by modifying the design of the anode holder nipple socket. The anode has trapezoidal protrusions located along the anode axis on both sides of the "lug" protrusion in the nipple socket. The new design provides stress concentration. It allows more efficient and less labor-intensive removal of the cast iron casting.

https://doi.org/10.48081/PEWZ3018

2023

Issue 4

The most common technologies for processing lithium-ion batteries are associated with their pyrometallurgical processing and subsequent leaching. Pyrometallurgical methods are energy-consuming and dangerous for the environment. Thus, the development of a technology for the preliminary separation of materials will be extremely relevant and important, which will lead to an increase in the efficiency of processing spent batteries. Physical methods of separating materials compare favorably with their efficiency and environmental friendliness. To date, there are various methods of separation based on physical principles. Electrostatic methods cannot be applied, since the metals (copper and aluminum) and lithium oxide in the raw material obtained after grinding the batteries are conductors and will not separate. The use of gravity enrichment in the aquatic environment is also not possible. Lithium oxide reacts with water to form alkali. There are also methods of gravitational enrichment in the air. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of this study is to study the process of separation of metals, and a mixture of carbon with lithium oxide on gravitational principles in an air stream. This technology has all the advantages, simplicity of hardware design and implementation in existing production. Two-stage grinding and air separation allows separating Cu and Al from the LiCoO2+C mixture. The resulting products are suitable for sale and represent commercial value. The LiCoO2 + C mixture can be sent to the thermal reduction process using the Al obtained during separation.

https://doi.org/10.48081/QYZE3219

2023

Issue 4

Today, mechanical engineering is one of the dynamically developing sectors of the economy of Kazakhstan. Any production process involving machines imposes requirements for reliability and durability to ensure stable and trouble-free operation of technological processes. In this regard, ensuring the operational characteristics of machines for a long time is a key factor when choosing a manufacturer. The quality of the materials used in the production of machines significantly affects the service life and operational characteristics of machines. The wear of machine parts is one of the main causes of breakdowns and accidents. The financial costs of car repair items are quite large. To date, the wear control of the mixer elements, removable elements of the blades is carried out only visually and replacement occurs without a system, after complete abrasion or breakage. Since these elements are not always available in the warehouse of the enterprise, downtime of equipment can take a considerable time. Modeling of the wear process of mixer elements in the matlab program allowed us to develop a simulation model using the vibroacoustic control method. Analysis and processing of vibration signals is carried out using standard programs. The developed algorithm of the process of monitoring the wear of the mixer elements allows you to form a library of signals and noises, comparing them with the reference values of the signals, to determine the degree of wear of the mixer elements. The algorithm can be implemented on standard hardware and software devices.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ESDC9953

2023

Issue 4

This article presents the results of a complete thermodynamic modeling and experimental study of the process of smelting medium-carbon ferromanganese using Zhezdinsky manganese ores. Full thermodynamic modeling of the process of smelting medium-carbon ferromanganese was carried out in the HSC Chemistry 6 software package. Thermodynamic modeling of the smelting process was carried out in the temperature range of 898-1989 K. Thermodynamic analysis for modeling the smelting process was carried out for four real charge compositions depending on the basicity of the slag (CaO/SiO2 - 1,4; 1,6; 1,8; 2,0). Based on the obtained thermodynamic data, an experimental study was carried out on the smelting of medium-carbon ferromanganese in a Tamman laboratory high-temperature furnace. В качестве шихтовых материалов были использованы марганцевая руда Manganese ore MnTot. was used as charge material – 48,23 %, SiO2 – 12.48 %, Al2O3 – 2,76 %, Fetot. – 3,45 %, ferrosilicomanganese grade SMn-17, not less than 90% lime CaO. According to thermodynamic data, the optimal composition of the slag was established, which provides the highest extraction of manganese into the alloy and metal-slag separation. The chemical composition of the metal obtained in the laboratory is as follows, %:Mn – 83-84; Si – 1,5-3; C – 0,95-1,68; P –0,13-1,6; which corresponds to GOST 4755-91. Slag chemical composition, %: MnO – 10,92-17,90; SiO2 19,02-21,45; CaO 36,92-40,43; FeO – 0,33-0,77.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HHSN1365

2023

Issue 4

An analysis of literary sources shows that the disadvantage of classifying steeply inclined conveyors is the limitation, both in design schemes and in the requirements for a steeply inclined conveyor. The purpose of the article is, based on the analysis of the structural formulas of steeply inclined conveyors, to identify the most appropriate structural formulas and determine the formula that best meets the requirements of the operation of open pit mining, draw up structural diagrams of steeply inclined conveyors corresponding to the selected structural formula and evaluate the comparative technical level of structural diagrams. For a comparative assessment of design schemes, functional criteria were selected: in a comparative assessment of the design of conveyors - the maximum allowable force of the traction body; in a comparative assessment of technological schemes - the maximum possible height of the rock mass. As indicators of comparison, listed in order of importance, the following were taken: in a comparative assessment of the design of conveyors - the maximum installation angle of the conveyor, the maximum size of a piece of the transported cargo, the mass of the moving parts of the conveyor, the cross-sectional area of \u200b\u200bthe cargo on the conveyor; in a comparative assessment of technological schemes - the length of the conveyor line, the total mass of the conveyor, the size of the piece of the transported material, the number of successively installed conveyor stages. The values of the weighting coefficients, allowing to determine the complex indicators, were determined by the calculation method. The minimum values of complex indicators that determine the technical level of design schemes are found for special types of steeply inclined conveyors, and when evaluating technological schemes, the technical level of the design scheme of a steeply inclined double-circuit conveyor based on a plate conveyor is the best.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ZZRB7379

2023

Issue 4

This article presents an analysis of various compositions of polymer concrete. The advantages and disadvantages of polymer concrete used for the design of long-length metal-cutting machines (MPC) are considered. Six aggregates were investigated (basalt, spodumene, fly ash, river gravel, sand and chalk). Polymer concrete samples were prepared with different compositions of aggregates containing the same volume fraction of resin (aggregates 83% and resin 17%). A four-point bending test was used to measure the bending strength of polymer concrete samples. The KTR of polymer concrete was measured using a specially manufactured device. The optimal composition was considered, which made it possible to reduce variations in the deformation of the bases to a sufficiently low level, which contributes to further improving the accuracy of machines with precision tools. This improvement in the operating conditions for precision tool processing accelerates the level of accuracy to a higher peak when producing accurate products. Numerical studies of dynamic properties and analysis of static strength properties of two machine bodies were carried out. During theoretical studies, the finite element method was used to analyze a hybrid housing consisting of two materials. This represents some simplification, since the model of contact between cast iron and polymer concrete requires experimental identification. Such identification covered the properties of structural materials.

https://doi.org/10.48081/RUEX4244

2023

Issue 4

During the production of silicon, a significant amount of waste is generated, namely micro- and nanosilica. Micro- and nanosilica, with its properties and structure, immediately interested scientists in many countries from the point of view of processing this material into a new product with unique functional properties. The article presents the results of studies of waste from various industries - microsilica, as a waste of silicon production, zinc ash - a waste of the hot-dip galvanizing process, and abrasive powder - a waste of metal machining. To study waste from various industries, the authors used the method of electron microscopy as the simplest and fastest way to transmit information about the microstructure, elemental composition and grain size distribution. A comparative analysis of the microstructures and properties of these materials was carried out in order to better understand the nature and predict the possibility of their further use as initial components for the production of new composite materials.

https://doi.org/10.48081/CBHA5682

2023

Issue 4

In the article, the authors obtained the temperature dependence of the viscosity of a complex inorganic substance - sodium chloride and tested the proposed mathematical model. Viscosity is considered as a chaosensitive property of a liquid inherent in it in motion and in motion. The mathematical model of viscosity was developed using the Boltzmann distribution and the concept of chaotic particles. On this basis, a hierarchical cluster-associate viscosity model is constructed, which takes into account not only the formation of primary clusters, but also secondary associates with respect to them, with the possibility of identifying the degree of cluster association. To adapt the cluster-associate model to experimental data, certain data processing techniques have been developed to identify unknown parameters of the model. The method of processing viscosity data using a total of three reference points allows us to determine the indicator of the degree of aggregation of associates. When processing data on the viscosity of sodium chloride, a high correlation coefficient was established calculated in comparison with reference values, which indicates the adequacy of the new dependence. This model makes it possible to predict the behavior of the viscosity of sodium chloride in a higher temperature range. The degree of association of clusters with increasing temperature decreases, corresponding to the dynamics of destruction of associates and viscosity in general.

https://doi.org/10.48081/OWQK4194

2023

Issue 4