This article presents the results of studies conducted to determine the optimal parameters for sintering rolled scale in a mixture with iron-containing steelmaking waste. The conducted studies of sintering of rolled scale have shown that the gas permeability of the charge depends on a number of physical properties, the size and shape of the grains, the amount of return, the height of the charge layer, and the moisture content of the charge. The initial gas permeability strongly depends on the degree of humidification of the agglomeration charge, especially when sintering small classes of materials under study. The maximum gas permeability of the charge is provided with an optimal granulometric composition of the charge, which is characterized by an average equivalent diameter: the higher this indicator, the higher the gas permeability of the charge. The value of the surface tension reaches its maximum at a certain moisture content of the charge, which is the optimal moisture for this charge. By increasing the amount of return during agglomeration, the vertical sintering rate increases and the quality of the agglomerate improves. These factors lead to an increase in the productivity of sintering plants. According to the results of the study, the optimal parameters of the sintering sintering process of rolled scale in a mixture with iron-containing steelmaking waste were worked out. It is established that the optimal amount of return is the use of 20 % of the mass of the sintering charge at the optimal height of the sintered layer of 300 mm. As a result of the conducted research, the following optimal indicators were achieved: mechanical strength – 70.2 %, sintering rate – 28.7 mm/min, specific productivity – 1.75 t/m2·hour.

https://doi.org/10.48081/NYGP3303

2024

Issue 3

The issues of rational use of natural resources, due to the involvement of man-made waste in the production cycle, are relevant all over the world. In the Republic of Kazakhstan, a large amount of man-made waste has been accumulated to date (≈ 31.6 * 109 t), in particular, in the Pavlodar region there are significant deposits of man-made gold deposits - tailings of gold extraction plants, which create a serious burden on the ecology of the region. To date, the reserves of man-made gold-bearing raw materials accumulated over the years of operation of the Kazakhaltyn concern amount to about 25 million tons, and the reserves of sludge in the storage facility of the Maikain Gold Extraction Plant №1 on the balance sheet of IBM Gold LLP amount to more than 1 million tons. The development of such deposits has a number of advantages, since the raw material is extracted to the surface and crushed. As a rule, gold in the tailings is contained in the form of fine inclusions in sulfides, which are difficult to cyanide. This paper examines the kinetics of the hydrometallurgical extraction of gold from the pyrite ore tailings of JSC Maykain Zoloto with preliminary microwave roasting. As a result of laboratory studies, 94% of gold was converted into a productive solution. It was found that Eca of the Au leaching process after microwave (MW) roasting was 31.3 kJ / mol. This corresponds to the intermediate mode.

https://doi.org/10.48081/UJRM9006

2024

Issue 3

For an objective assessment of the recoverability of the resulting oxidized materials and deciphering the physico-chemical characteristics of their reduction processes occurring during the smelting of carbonaceous ferrochrome, special studies are needed. In this regard, the kinetics of the briquette reduction process has been studied in this article, which is extremely important for understanding the mechanism of carbothermic reduction in order to improve metallurgical technologies using coated materials. During the study, 6 different variants of briquettes with chromium ore and various types of carbon reducing agents were studied, such as China coke, Shubarkolsky special coke, Borlinsky coal and Shubarkolsky coal. The degree of chromium reduction was studied in the Tamman furnace by thermogravimetric method at temperatures of 1200; 1300; 1400; 1500; 1600 ° C for 1 hour. This article also provides calculations to determine the degree of reduction of chromium and iron using the Yander and Gistling-Brownstein equations. Of the six briquette variants, the best results in studying the kinetics of reduction of chromium ore raw materials were obtained using briquettes № 1, 3, 5. The study emphasizes the critical importance of understanding the reduction and destructibility modes of chromium briquettes to optimize the melting processes of carbon ferrochrome. The conclusions from this study are key to the development of both scientific understanding and practical applications in the metallurgical industry. This article summarizes the main results and meanings of the authors' research, emphasizing its contribution to improving the efficiency and quality of carbon ferrochrome production through the systematic study of reduction behavior in chrome ore briquettes.

https://doi.org/10.48081/OPNI1176

2024

Issue 3

This paper presents the selection of optimization parameters for the bed geometry of a long metal cutting machine (MCM), the design problem and boundary conditions were given. Five different geometries were designed for further mathematical analysis to meet the requirements of the problem. Static analysis of the mathematical model of the bed shells was performed by finite element method (FEM) using BETA CAE System tool, ABAQUS, which showed that by using stiffeners in the form of two variable pitch spirals and three hollow tubes, as well as changing the design at the connection point of the beam support to the bollards of the long bed of the metal cutting machine, the stresses that occurred in these places at an angle of 90° were reduced. The geometries were chosen in such a way that it was possible to reduce the stresses occurring at the point of cutting, to reduce the deflection, to increase the rigidity of the structure. The economic calculation aimed at determining the cost of a long metal-cutting machine tool with the proposed geometry has been carried out. The analysis of the unit cost of the product (long bed of the metal-cutting machine tool made of polymer concrete with optimized geometry) has been carried out, the calculation of the annual economic effect from the use of the proposed method of manufacturing has been carried out.

https://doi.org/10.48081/FHUC1221

2024

Issue 3

The work carried out extensive laboratory tests and showed the results of high-temperature reduction melting of metallized pellets, which represents the final stage of a new integrated waste-free technology for processing fine manganese waste obtained from ore enrichment at the Dzhezdinsky GOK. The work focuses on the final stage of the technology – the production of ferroalloys, in particular ferromanganese, by reducing metallized pellets in an electric furnace, bypassing the traditional processes of metal carburization and cast iron formation. The optimal technological parameters of the process have been established: the heating rate of the furnace is 40 ° C / min.; melting temperature is 1650 ° C; melting duration is 2 hours, which ensure the production of high–quality ferromanganese with a low carbon content (1.25%). The obtained results of the chemical composition of ferromanganese indicate high quality and show its relevance for alloying steel. It was found that the ferromanganese yield was ~40% of the load. At the same time, a high-quality alloy was obtained, % by weight: 38.5 Fe, 54.44 Mn, 1.25 C. Based on the positive research results, a general concept has been formulated and a technological scheme has been developed for a new highly efficient energy-saving technology aimed at processing manganese and chromium-containing technogenic raw materials of various types and composition to produce high-quality ferroalloys.

https://doi.org/10.48081/WTSS3884

2024

Issue 3

The purpose of this article is to increase the wear resistance of the end mill using the burn-in method. Rotatable second-order planning is used to plan an experimental study of the end mill run-in process. Experimental studies on the running-in of end mills were carried out on a vertical milling machine HN950A when milling a workpiece made of 45 steel material. It was found that increasing the processing modes to certain values (s = 60 mm/min; n = 110 rpm; t = 6 min) has a positive effect on the tool life. At the same time, it was possible to increase the tool life to t = 155 minutes. The determination of the durability period of the end mill was carried out in a laboratory environment. After preliminary running-in, the duration of operation of the milling cutter with cutting of the workpiece was determined.It is established that the optimal running-in mode of the tool provides the best deformation and thermal conditions for hardening the cutting part of the tool. As a result of modeling using the ANSYS program, in fact, it was found that after processing, a hardened layer forms on the cutting part of the end mill. The research work was carried out within the framework of the grant project AR14972884 " Increasing the wear resistance of metal-cutting tools by the burn-in method".

https://doi.org/10.48081/MZAU1710

2024

Issue 3

This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the automatic system of control of emergency situations during the operation of CNC lathe on the basis of theoretically developed algorithms of this system. Timely detection and identification of an emergency situation, the ability to cover the largest number of diagnosable emergency situations, makes the operation of the automatic system efficient, and protects expensive components of technological equipment from breakdowns.The object of research is the functional elements of the system realized on the basis of a CNC lathe. The diagnosed parameter is the cutting force or its components. The main units and blocks of the system are characterized.The algorithm of identification of emergency situations of time delays when the automatically registered informative diagnosable parameter crosses its limit values is introduced, as well as temporary blockages of decision making during the operation of the lathe equipped with the automatic system, namely, "collision", "tool breakage", "tool wear". The basic modes of the system functioning are disclosed. Examples of visualization of each mode on the screen of the symbolic information display unit (BOSI) are given.With the proposed system, the mobility of detection and reliable identification of each emergency situation is achieved, which improves the functional and technical characteristics of the automatic lathe control system.

https://doi.org/10.48081/TRKA3441

2024

Issue 3

For many years, Kazakhstan has been known as one of the countries with a high level of road traffic injuries. In this regard, the fight against road accidents is a big social and important problem of the country. Predicting road traffic accidents requires a detailed understanding of the characteristics of their occurrence and an assessment of the factors influencing the state of safety. There are a number of methods to assess the level of road safety and limit risk. One of them is the increase in population and vehicle ownership by individual owners. This article uses research methods for road safety, analyzes the main indicators that determine the state of road safety in the East Kazakhstan region, as well as the possibility of assessing the state of road safety, taking into account risk factors for road safety and the risk of public health. The study was conducted on the basis of statistical data from the Bureau of National Statistics, Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Accounts of the General Prosecutor's Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2014 to 2023. This article uses research methods for road safety, analyzes the main indicators that determine the state of road safety in the East Kazakhstan region, as well as the possibility of assessing the state of road safety taking into account factors of transport and social risk.

https://doi.org/10.48081/GQZV3994

2024

Issue 3

The given article is related to agricultural engineering and the design of milling chisel ploughwith special working bodies for cutting water-absorbing slots with simultaneous introduction of hydrogel mixture into them was developed to increase moisture accumulation in soil in the article. Improved technologies and techniques are needed to improve the quality and quantity of crops, in particular cereals, in order to improve their production. Most of the territory of Kazakhstan belongs to the zone of risky agriculture. Every year there are droughts that significantly reduce cereal yields. Many farmers are making large amounts of fertilizer in order to increase yields. However, there is the problem of unsustainable use of fertilizers. Thus, most of fertilizers introduced into soil is washed into its lower layers and becomes inaccessible to plant roots. Therefore, we propose to use local application of hydrogel retention mixture to accumulate nutrients and soil moisture. Its granules are able to absorb liquid, in volume many times larger than their own, and hold it for a long time. For better nutrition of plants, we offer to enrich hydrogel with fertilizers. Possible machines for application of hydrogel mixture are considered in «Analysis of possible methods of application of hydrogel with fertilizers in soil». It is noted that there are no units capable of carrying out local application of granules with fertilizers together with milling chisel ploughinto seeding area in the modern system of machines. Existing machines allow the application of hydrogel in dispersed or subsoil way, and local application of granules together with fertilizers is used for the first time and allows place hydrogel with saturated fertilizers. The choice of optimal method of application of hydrogel mixture pellet was produced and the machine design for its implementation was developed on the basis of common and private methods.

https://doi.org/10.48081/NOJG7591

2024

Issue 3

Due to the depletion of natural resources, environmental pollution with waste and storage of waste in dumps, an urgent task today is the processing of technogenic mineral raw materials. Technogenic mineral raw materials have high economic value and are one of the most important reserves for increasing resources without significant investment in deposit development. The initial sample of stale tailings was provided by primary ore minerals and metallurgical processing products. The study of the material composition of the sample was determined by mass spectral analysis with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS), the phase analysis of copper was determined according to GOST 33207-2014. The study of the mineral composition was carried out in reflected light in polished sections using an OLYMPUS BX 53 microscope, a SIMAGIS XS-3CU video camera and SIAMS Mineral C7 image analysis software. The article presents the results of a study on the development of selective enrichment modes for stale tailings using a combination of potassium butyl xanthate and an additional collector. Laboratory studies have shown that when using a combination of potassium butyl xanthate and a monothiophosphate-based reagent, the greatest efficiency is achieved in the enrichment of copper and silver into the total flotation concentrate.

https://doi.org/10.48081/BGDO2165

2024

Issue 3