The article is dedicated to the study of using technogenic waste, such as electric steelmaking slags and sludge materials, for the production of refractory products that meet the requirements of GOST 390-96. The foundation of the research is the application of a water-based ceramic binder suspension containing micro-silica dust activated in an alkaline medium. An important aspect of the work is the addition of self-dispersing slag, which helps to improve the thermal resistance of the materials. One of the features of the proposed technology is the absence of the firing stage, which reduces the energy consumption of production. Instead of firing, the products undergo a two-stage drying process. Waste from overburden rocks was used to improve the plasticity of the batch, which helps reduce costs and increase the environmental and economic efficiency of the process. The use of such waste also helps address the problem of technogenic waste disposal. The paper considers the effect of slag and granulometric composition on the key properties of refractory materials, such as strength, thermal resistance, and porosity. It was established that the addition of slag indeed improves thermal resistance, but when its content exceeds 20%, the strength of the material decreases, which requires careful optimization of the batch composition. Optimized molding methods are used to form the refractory products, ensuring the achievement of the required characteristics. As a result of the research, the batch compositions were identified that ensure maximum thermal resistance and strength of the products, making them suitable for use in metallurgical furnaces and other high-temperature equipment. The research results contribute to the creation of more efficient and environmentally safe technologies for the production of refractory materials using technogenic waste as raw materials, which helps reduce the negative environmental impact and optimize industrial processes.

https://doi.org/10.48081/WLJE5161

2025

Issue 1

This article discusses the reagent treatment of wastewater from oil refineries using composite coagulants from «ASCOR Production Association» LLP. The article provides the main required quality indicators of treated wastewater, briefly lists the stages of preparation of reagent treatment. The methodological and instrumental aspects of laboratory tests, their purpose, monitoring of the main indicators of wastewater treatment quality, as well as the result are presented. The program shows the chemical reagent used at the enterprise, chemical reagents for wastewater treatment offered by «ASCOR Production Association» LLP, briefly describes the methodology of laboratory research, the devices and equipment used, and the effect of selected chemical reagents; describes step-by-step processes of changes in the quality of wastewater treatment, depending on the reagents and their dosages. In the section summary results and discussion, diagrams of various reagent treatment programs for the purification of oily wastewater are proposed, depending on the effect of various powdered coagulants on the clarification of oily wastewater. The comparison of reagent treatment programs implies a comparison of the results obtained according to the criteria for evaluating the quality of purified water, the most effective use of powdered composite coagulant at an oil refinery. Based on the results of laboratory tests, graphs and diagrams were constructed that allow us to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of the reagent treatment program, reducing the content of petroleum products and suspended solids to the requirements established at the enterprise.

https://doi.org/10.48081/JDGX4489

2025

Issue 1

This article says that in most developed countries, relevant organizations and institutions analyze road accidents and identify the causes that caused them, and that in different regions of each country, the ability of the GIS system differs in roads, the environment and other conditions, but they all have certain common patterns. Drivers choose the driving mode based on the analysis of the received information. During the movement, its volume varies widely. The reliability of the driver's work and his efficiency can be maintained at the required level only if the amount of information received by him is within optimal limits. Improving the reliability of the driver's work as an operator of the driver – car - road -environment system is a priority in the field of improving traffic safety. The main factors affecting performance are: fatigue, lack of sleep, stressful situations, as well as prolonged driving. During the study, measures were considered to help restore the driver's performance (proper organization of rest, breaks, physical exercises). Technical and organizational measures to ensure road safety were also studied: road signs and markings, speed limits, control of dangerous areas. The study includes recommendations aimed at improving safety measures for drivers and maintaining their health. This helps to prevent accidents by improving the driver's performance.

https://doi.org/10.48081/NJLF4908

2025

Issue 1

In the present study, the possibility of eliminating casting defects by the method of equal-channel angular compression (ECAP) in relation to zirconium alloy E110, used as a structural material in nuclear power engineering. To simulate a large casting defect, a through hole with a diameter of 5 mm was created on the side surface of the workpiece. Two methods were used in the course of the study: computer simulation of the ECAP process in the Deform 3D program and a physical experiment with real samples. As a result of computer simulation using the finite element method, process simulations were obtained for three pressing cases with different channel junction angles: 45°, 90°, 135°. The patterns of metal flow in the matrix and the process of defect closure are studied. A real experiment was carried out for the circuit with the largest channel junction angle (135°). As a result, it was possible to achieve almost complete closure of the defect, leaving only a residual crack of 25 microns in size after two passes through the ECAP matrix. The presence of a residual crack indicates the need to optimize the technological parameters to increase the efficiency of the process. An increase in the number of passes or the use of matrices with smaller channel intersection angles can contribute to the complete closure of defects. In general, the study confirmed the effectiveness of the RCUP method for eliminating casting defects in zirconium alloy E110.

https://doi.org/10.48081/FHYS5327

2025

Issue 1

This article examines the quality assessment of plasma cutting through the use of qualimetric analysis, focusing on identifying key parameters that influence cutting performance and defect formation. Plasma cutting is widely used for processing conductive materials, but variations in process parameters can lead to defects that impact the quality of the final product. This study provides a comprehensive quality assessment of plasma cutting by examining factors such as cutting speed, power, surface roughness, and the heat-affected zone. Using the expert evaluation method and an integral quality indicator, we identify the most significant parameters affecting cutting quality, with a particular focus on minimizing surface defects. Regression analysis further supports parameter optimization by providing a model that correlates cutting speed and power with defect volume. The results show that increasing cutting speed and optimizing power settings significantly reduce defects such as burrs and surface roughness, thereby enhancing overall cutting quality. This research offers valuable insights for improving the accuracy and efficiency of plasma cutting, and the proposed model may be beneficial for industrial applications requiring high-quality outcomes.

https://doi.org/10.48081/SZUO4626

2025

Issue 1

The article presents a metallurgical assessment of the initial charge materials for producing chromium-manganese (Cr-Mn) ligature using new complex reductants. The work included a detailed analysis of the composition of ores and reductants, such as ferrosilicoaluminum (FeSiAl), ferrosilicochromium dust (FeSiCr), and aluminosilicomanganese (AlSiMn). Through the application of the X-ray phase analysis (XRD) method, the structure and phase composition of the ore components were determined, allowing for their suitability for the production of Cr-Mn ligature to be evaluated. The results showed that the studied ores possess the necessary characteristics for producing high-quality ligature, which opens up opportunities to reduce dependence on imported raw materials. The article also discussed optimal processing conditions for the ores, the selection of reductants, and the effects of their combinations on the properties of the final alloy. The obtained data contribute to the development of new technological solutions for processing local ores, potentially increasing the efficiency and environmental safety of metallurgical processes. This study proposes ways to improve the quality of alloys used in domestic industry, enhancing the competitiveness of Kazakhstan's metallurgy on the international stage.

https://doi.org/10.48081/IDDG9941

2025

Issue 1

The article presents a simulation of the low-temperature solid-phase reduction process of nickel laterite ore from the "Batamsha" deposit using the "HSC Chemistry 10" software package. X-ray phase analysis determined the phase composition of the nickel ore: 1.43% NiO, 5.2% Fe₂O₃, 9.4% Fe₃O₄, 6% FeO·OH, 5.4% Fe₂SiO₄, 0.27% FeS, 4.2% MgSiO₃, 12.4% Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄, 35.1% CaAl₂Si₂O₈, 17.8% SiO₂, and 2.8% CaCO₃. The obtained data were used to calculate the molar composition of the nickel ore, necessary for determining the number of moles of components involved in the reduction reactions of oxide compounds in the ore, utilizing the "HSC Chemistry 10" software package. The thermodynamics of the reduction process was studied using the Equilibrium Composition module, which calculates the equilibrium compositions of interacting phases based on the Gibbs free energy minimization method. The reduction of nickel laterite ore was investigated using carbon monoxide and its mixtures with hydrogen in ratios of (1:1), (1:2), and (1:3). The study using carbon monoxide as a reducing agent showed that nickel reduction begins at 440 °C, with complete reduction achieved at a reductant consumption of 1.1 moles at a temperature of 900 °C. The research demonstrated that adding hydrogen to CO significantly lowers the reduction onset and complete reduction temperatures of nickel (from 440/900 °C to 340/700 °C) as well as the required reductant consumption. In all experiments, iron reduction began at 440 °C, indicating selective nickel reduction when using CO-hydrogen mixtures. The CO+H₂ reducing mixture in a 1:2 ratio can be considered optimal in terms of balancing reduction efficiency and economic process parameters. The obtained results indicate the potential of using hydrogen-containing reducing mixtures to improve the efficiency of nickel extraction from laterite ores. However, the optimal mixture composition depends on the specific characteristics of the ore and technological conditions.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HVTA9346

2025

Issue 1

At present, the problem of processing gold ores containing copper is one of the most urgent, since copper in gold ores is both a valuable component and a harmful impurity that complicates the process of gold extraction. First of all, it concerns cyanidation - one of the main operations in the process of metallurgical processing of gold ore raw materials. Since cyanidation is the basic process for gold recovery technology, gold ores or concentrates, which for one reason or another are difficult to be treated by cyanidation, are categorized as refractory. The persistence of gold ores in relation to the cyanide process is characterized by several criteria, which are determined by the nature of the relationship of gold particles with minerals and rock in the ore, the presence of minerals and substances in the ore that slow down the rate of dissolution of gold and cause increased consumption of cyanide, the presence of natural sorbents in the ore. To the criteria of persistence of gold ores include physical depression, chemical depression, as well as sorption activity of minerals present in the ore.Thus, the stage of determining the material composition and gold-copper ores is one of the responsible stages, because it depends on the delnejshey strategy for determining the processing technology of cyanide leaching of gold-copper ores. As a result of the conducted research it was found out that in the composition of the ore gold content in the sample amounted to - 1.2 g/t. Silver content also amounted to - 1.2g/t. The total amount of copper amounted to 0.15%. The iron content amounted to 5.10%. The total amount of sulfur was 0.34%.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HAHW3828

2025

Issue 1

This article shows the preparation of raw materials in relation to the operating conditions of the Zhezkazgan Copper Plant (ZhCP), where the use of rounded material is provided for electric smelting. When developing pelletizing technology, various mineral binders were tested - lime, bentonite, copper sulfate, which did not give positive results. To improve the quality of pelletized raw materials and solve the problem of reducing metal losses with slag and reducing dust removal, this paper presents the results of the development of a new technology for pelletizing copper raw materials using boron-containing fluxes. Borate ore was used as a boron-containing material. Experimental studies on the development of pelletizing technology were carried out with industrial ZhCP charge. To establish the real mechanism of the influence of boron on the processes of pelletization and hardening of copper pellets, chemical pure boron oxide В2О3 was used as a boron-containing flux along with borate ore. For comparison, copper pellets were produced as base pellets. The results of the study showed that boron-containing additives are close to sulfite-alcohol stillage in terms of their effect on the strength of wet pellets. In general, the possibility of replacing expensive sulfite-alcohol stillage with borate ore during preliminary firing of pellets at a temperature of 500 ℃ has been shown, which will ensure their higher safety when heated in an ore-thermal furnace.

https://doi.org/10.48081/LUFX8179

2025

Issue 1

This article discusses the development and application of modern machine learning methods for monitoring and predicting the technical condition of pumps used in an industrial setting. The study object is Warman MCR series horizontal slurry pumps, designed for continuous pumping of abrasive suspensions containing solid particles in industrial environments. These pumps are well-suited for liquids with high concentrations of solids, thanks to their enhanced reliability and wear resistance. They operate under high mechanical loads, necessitating constant monitoring of their technical condition. Over the course of 1.5 years, with measurements taken every three weeks, the vibrational characteristics of the bearings of two such continuously operating pumps within the pump fleet were measured and analyzed. Monitoring was carried out under normal operating conditions in an industrial environment. Vibration parameters were recorded using the VibroExpert II system with accelerometric sensors, capturing maximum, “peak-to-peak,” and root mean square values of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration. Moreover, mechanical and total sound pressure levels (dBm and dBc) were measured. The data were processed in the MATLAB environment. During the study, Breiman’s bagging method was applied to the first pump, demonstrating high accuracy—up to 90% of the variance in the vibration data (R²=0.9045)—allowing for the prediction of potential wear and possible component failure. This approach utilized 300 decision trees, each trained on its own bootstrap sample, and the final result was formed by ensemble averaging. For the second pump, neural networks were used, showing R²=0.7365 and capable of detecting significant deviations in vibrational characteristics. While only a single hidden layer with 10 neurons was employed, the addition of L2 regularization helped to avoid excessive “memorization” (overfitting) and improved the model’s generalization ability. For each of these methods, a mathematical model is presented, confirming the feasibility of using these approaches to enhance the reliability and durability of pump equipment. The study results indicate that utilizing machine learning methods for pump fleet monitoring significantly improves the accuracy of equipment condition forecasting.

https://doi.org/10.48081/RNRL5697

2025

Issue 1