Evolving, public spaces have become more functional and less chaotic, but their role has recently ceased to be taken into account due to the spread of dense buildings, as a result of which landscaping affecting the environmental component is reduced, courtyard spaces are practically abolished, which creates a problem for the safety of children and residents in general. In this regard, this article considers architecture as a process that considers the principles of functionality, harmony and aesthetics and is aimed at creating public spaces that are an integral part of the urban environment and have a significant impact on the quality of life of the population. Understanding the role of architecture as a special kind of art in the context of the formation of public spaces is also important in relation to the sustainable development of society, social integration and environmental responsibility. In this regard, it is necessary to monitor and in-depth analyze how aesthetics and functionality are combined, and what impact this combined can have on the perception of space and the improvement of the daily life of the population. The specifics of the analysis of public spaces include such factors as: principles according to which public spaces are designed (styles, materials, range of functional tasks); principles of perception of the architectural environment from the point of view of psychology, aesthetics and functionality; examples of successful architectural solutions in the context of historical heritage and modern challenges such as urbanization and environmental constraints; The article presents recommendations for improving the organization of existing public spaces, from the point of view of the possibility of their application in our region in accordance with legal and social norms.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HBZX4057

2025

Issue 3

This article presents a study of the possibility of using additive technology methods in the manufacture of hydraulic machine parts, in particular gear pumps (GP). As a result of the analysis of repair production facilities of the subjects of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AIC RK), it was revealed that GP parts are most often sent for repair and restoration. It has been established that the main causes of pump failures are the opening of the contact of the gear teeth during pump operation, poor assembly, wear of bushing parts, thrust bearings, gear teeth, etc. It was also revealed that there is a major problem in the conditions of repair production of service entities of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan, associated with the lack of necessary technological equipment, technological tooling and tools when performing repair and restoration work. The maximum stress reaches 18.45 MPa, which is within the permissible limits for plastics used in 3D printing. The study was carried out within the framework of the grant topic funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan AP23489364 "Use of additive technologies in the repair of agricultural machinery with process optimization through modeling and experimental research."

https://doi.org/10.48081/VFQK8410

2025

Issue 3

A diagram of the phase composition of the Ni-B-Si system is constructed. The presence of borides Ni3B, Ni2B, Ni4B3, NiB and nickel silicides Ni3Si, Ni5Si2, Ni2Si, Ni3Si2, NiSi, NiSi, as well as boron silicides SiB6, SiB4 and two ternary compounds Ni11Si5B4 and Ni6Si2B is taken into account. The diagram is a set of elementary triangles of harmoniously coexisting phases. Triangulation revealed the presence of 17 elementary triangles in the studied system. Using our own method, a mathematical model of the diagram has been created, representing the equations of the relationship between the initial elements of a substance (metal) and the resulting phases. A computer program has been created based on the obtained equations. When set from the remote control of the chemical composition of the metal and the trigger, it finds the elementary triangle where the metal is located and outputs the content of all phases in mass percentages. An example of using the model is shown. The coincidence of the calculated and experimentally determined phase composition of metals is satisfactory. A diagram of the phase composition of the Ni-B-Si system has been constructed, its mathematical model and a computer program based on it have been created. Its operability is shown by comparing calculated and experimentally obtained data on the phase composition of alloys.

https://doi.org/10.48081/YQUA8828

2025

Issue 3

The article provides an overview of technologies and methods for processing dispersed metal waste generated during the production of ferroalloys, including high - carbon ferrochrome ( HC - FeCr ). It is noted that the cheapest and most rational way to reuse metal dust is briquetting. Taking into account the development of briquetting technologies, as well as the latest equipment and binding materials involved in this process, it is possible to fully involve aspiration dust from crushing ferrochrome in metallurgical conversion. To verify this assumption, laboratory studies were conducted using polymer - based binders and liquid glass as a basic option. The method of briquetting on laboratory and industrial presses is described, with an assessment of the mechanical properties of briquettes. Studies show that the introduction of an inert filler ( gas cleaner dust ) into the metal dust improves the briquetability of the mixture by increasing the adhesion between metal particles and the binder. The obtained industrial samples of briquettes have high mechanical strength, which provides the possibility of their further use in metallurgical processing. A conclusion is made about the prospects of semi - dry briquetting using hydraulic vibrating presses for the disposal of dispersed ferroalloy waste.

https://doi.org/10.48081/MLNA9335

2025

Issue 3

The article considers the results of assessing the technical condition of equipment based on the analysis of vibration parameters of centrifugal pump units. As part of this study, a selection of diagnostic information on the vibration parameters of centrifugal pump units was used. The methodology for conducting vibration diagnostics of centrifugal pumps in production conditions is described. To study the technical condition of the pumping units, the bearings of the electric motor and the drive shafts of the pump wheel are selected. It also describes the use of an analyzer for diagnostics, the order of placement of vibration sensors. With the help of a vibration analyzer, it performs the functions of analyzing the vibration parameters of rotating machines and mechanical structures in order to diagnose their technical condition. The spectra of the vibration rate of the bearing units of the operating centrifugal pumps were recorded using an analyzer for processing vibration signals, using the methods of direct spectrum (autospectrum) and envelope spectrum of the vibration signal, which allows you to determine the frequency composition of the signal. The harmonic components of the vibration signal on the graphs of the Autopilot indicate the presence of defects and require systematic monitoring of pumping equipment. The conducted research made it possible to form the main diagnostic features of the assessment by vibration parameters, which ensures the creation of a single diagnostic criterion for assessing and predicting the technical condition of centrifugal pump units.

https://doi.org/10.48081/QGAN2347

2025

Issue 3

This article analyzed the principles of operation of semi-automatic blocking, automatic blocking and radio blocking systems used in order to ensure the safety and throughput of train traffic on the railway network. The structural and functional features of each system were described, the mechanisms of interval regulation of movement and the logic of train displacement were studied using mathematical modeling methods. In the course of the study, a quantitative analysis of the throughput of each system was carried out, taking into account such basic parameters as the length of the interval, the speed of smooth movement of trains, the braking path, the safe interval and the time of action of the duty. The results of the model simulation clearly demonstrated the technical capabilities and limitations of each system. According to calculations in typical conditions, the throughput indicators were determined in the semi – automatic blocking system at the level of about 9.6 trains/hour, in automatic blocking – 21.9 trains/hour, and in radio blocking-60 trains/hour. These results showed that the relevant systems directly depend on the accuracy of interval control, methods for measuring distances between trains, and the level of signaling devices. The relative efficiency of the systems has been determined using diagrams and other visual tools, which makes it possible to create an engineering justification in the process of making a technical decision. In addition, the results of the study prove the relevance of the introduction of digital control systems in the modern railway network, in particular radio blocking technologies, and its strategic advantages in transport logistics.

https://doi.org/10.48081/PVCX2453

2025

Issue 3

The processes of heat exchange in capillary-porous natural coatings created by thermal spraying of powders during their application with a thermal tool have been investigated. A burner with detonation jet was created and the technology of powder production in a closed volume was developed. The burner due to the built-in automatic device allows controlling the mode of coating creation by changing the burner power and torch length. The displacement scheme of power supply, cooling and methodology was developed. The burner was afterburning on coating with oxidizer excess coefficient 0.6÷0.8. Calculation formulas for powder materials processing are given. The results of sieve analysis are presented. The transverse velocity of the ignition section of the spin detonation plume is close to the detonation velocity and was twice the speed of sound in the jet. It was determined from the slope to the spiral trace pattern. The thermal limit region for the coatings exceeded boiling in thin films, large volume and heat pipes. Holographic interferometry studies showed that the residual strain, does not disappear when the thermal load is removed. A nonlinear particle displacement curve was found. Detonation sputtering reduces the destruction of powder particles at the interfaces of unmelted particles, since anisotropy increases the role of capillary forces.

https://doi.org/10.48081/MMTM6428

2025

Issue 3

This article presents a comprehensive study on the effect of active (CO₂) and inert (Ar) shielding gases used in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology on the microstructure of samples produced from ER70S-6 low-carbon steel welding wire. During the experimental investigation, identical technological parameters were optimally applied, with only the type of shielding gas being varied. The prepared samples underwent thorough metallographic and microscopic analysis. In the specimens produced using the active shielding gas CO₂, ferrite, pearlite, and cementite phases were identified. In contrast, the specimens produced under argon (Ar) revealed additional austenitic and martensitic structures alongside ferrite and pearlite. Furthermore, the use of argon was shown to significantly reduce porosity and contribute to a more uniform microstructure. This indicates the positive effect of argon on melt stability, solidification behavior, and the quality of the heat-affected zone during the additive manufacturing process. The research results clearly demonstrate that the choice of shielding gas has a direct impact on microstructural formation and the quality of the final product in WAAM technology. This study highlights the critical importance of selecting the appropriate shielding gas in the additive manufacturing of high-quality, reliable, and durable metal structures.

https://doi.org/10.48081/PGVW6395

2025

Issue 3

This study investigates the effect of mechanical synthesis duration on the morphological and structural characteristics of tungsten carbide (WC)-based composite powders alloyed with iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni). Four compositions were synthesized: WC88–Fe12, WC95–Fe5, WC88–Ni12, and WC95–Ni5. Mechanical activation was performed in an argon atmosphere at a rotation speed of 500 rpm for 1, 2, and 4 hours. Particle size distribution analysis was conducted, and the median particle diameter (D₅₀) was determined to assess the evolution of particle size with increasing milling time. It was found that prolonged mechanical treatment led to particle coarsening, especially in systems with high WC content (95 wt.%), where after 4 hours of milling, noticeable powder agglomeration and adhesion to the container walls and grinding balls occurred. The particle morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the results were consistent with the granulometric data. At the early stages of mechanical synthesis, efficient particle fragmentation was observed; however, with longer milling durations, particle agglomeration occurred. Fine particles began to stick together, forming loose agglomerates, leading to an increase in aggregate size due to mechanochemical interactions and interparticle adhesion. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a decrease in peak intensity and broadening of the diffraction lines corresponding to WC and metallic phases, indicating a reduction in crystallinity, crystallite size refinement, and an increase in lattice defects. The obtained results made it possible to determine the optimal conditions of mechanical synthesis for producing homogeneous powder mixtures suitable for subsequent sintering.

https://doi.org/10.48081/GMBM5273

2025

Issue 3

The subject of this study was 30KhGS steel produced using briquettes fabricated from fine-dispersed dust (FDD) generated during ferroalloy production. Steel samples manufactured with FS50-7 briquettes served as the reference. The experimental briquettes were composed of fine-dispersed ferrosilicon dust combined with iron ore concentrate, with bentonite clay acting as a binder. The chemical composition, mechanical properties and microstructure of the 30KhGS steel produced using the experimental briquettes were thoroughly examined. Mechanical testing, hardness measurements, and microstructural analysis were conducted to assess the performance characteristics of the resulting steel. The results demonstrated that deoxidation using the experimental briquettes yielded steel whose chemical composition and mechanical properties conformed to the GOST standards for this grade. Additionally, the use of these briquettes enhanced resource efficiency, lowered production costs, and reduced the environmental impact of the process. Furthermore, the briquetted material developed through this method shows potential for implementation in large-scale industrial metallurgical applications. Overall, the findings highlight a promising approach for sustainable steel production through the recycling of ferroalloy industry waste.

https://doi.org/10.48081/DUYX2087

2025

Issue 3