This article shows research work based on modeling, which is a tool for analyzing existing technological processes and new technological processes. Due to its effectiveness, it has been widely used to develop new processes and metals. In this work, using the method of complete thermodynamic analysis, we simulated the technological process of melting silicon-chrome with a given boron content, which is used as a complex reducing agent in the smelting of low-carbon grades of ferrochrome. The influence of the composition and temperature of the charge on the chemical and phase composition of the smelting products was studied, the degree of transition of the charge elements into metal was determined, and the optimal conditions for producing the alloy were found. Based on thermodynamic analysis, it is also shown that the choice of process temperature (1750-1800 °C and above) is associated with the kinetic conditions of melting, the melting temperature of the resulting metal and slag. In general, computational and theoretical analysis and thermodynamic modeling showed the effectiveness of using silochrome with boron as a reducing agent. It has been shown that a given amount of boron in silicon chrome (0.3-0.7%) provides 0.3-0.5% В2О3 in the slag. This is sufficient to solve the important problem of stabilizing highly basic slags from decomposition. At the same time, their physical properties improve, which ultimately should have a positive effect on the melting mode and metal losses from the slag.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ORBV6015

2024

Issue 1

In the production of hardware products at Kaz-metiz LLP, there was a decrease in productivity. As a result of statistical analysis, the percentage of defects related to the total volume of products produced was determined. Most of the defects were recorded during the wire drawing process, that is, during tests, the tensile strength of the wire does not meet the requirements of GOST 7348-81, carried out at each stage of production. One of the most important stages in ensuring the quality of the finished product is processing the patented blank on a drawing machine. After pressure treatment, important quality indicators are formed in the workpieces that satisfy consumers. Defects that arise during the processing of a workpiece have a direct impact on the quality of the finished product; accordingly, the study of the causes of frequently occurring defects is an urgent task. To eliminate this problem, the temperature of the drawing machine drums was measured every 1.5 hours with a TK-5.04 contact digital thermometer. When measuring drum temperatures, several deviations were recorded. In order to study the quantitative and qualitative indicators of the measurement results, an analysis was carried out in the STATISTICA program, a Shewhart map was created for quality control, and the dependence of the drum temperature on the heat flow was established. The quantitative and qualitative parameters of scale were determined, as well as the correlation coefficient between the thickness of scale and the productivity of the drawing machine using a scatter diagram, which is equal to r = - 0.9707.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HUNZ5036

2024

Issue 1

The article considers the electrical properties of charge compositions for electrothermal enrichment of ilmenite concentrates to produce high-titanium slags containing titanium oxide more than 80%. The temperature dependence of the shrinkage of ore-coal briquettes directly depends on the content of volatile and residual moisture of carbonaceous reducing agent, which can be used as Shubarkol coal and various types of coke. Smelting rich titanium slag from powder charge is accompanied by some difficulties. The fact is that most of the iron monoxide in the composition of ilmenite concentrate is reduced in the liquid phase, i.e. under diffusion conditions. This is due to the fact that the process of melting the concentrate, accompanied by initial slag formation, is ahead of the process of its recovery. According to the results of laboratory experiments, it was found that the most suitable reducing agents for smelting high-titanium slags are special coke and gas coal, since briquettes with them have the greatest electrical resistance in the temperature range of solid-phase reduction of titanium raw materials. At temperatures above 1200 ° C, the electrical resistance of all the studied charge mixtures is flattened and becomes almost the same. The use of these reducing agents improves the conditions for selective reduction of iron oxides and prevents the formation of low-melting primary slags.

https://doi.org/10.48081/OCAF4625

2024

Issue 1

Multi-mode technological machines have complex kinematic structures, for example, metal-cutting machines, since their technological speeds are changed mainly stepwise. In order to simplify the kinematic designs of multi-mode technological machines, it is recommended to use stepwise and stepless methods of changing the speed simultaneously. Stepless speed control will be advantageous to carry out with the help of a V-belt variator, since it has such significant advantages as simplicity of design, sufficient range of regulation, affordable cost, neediness and noiselessness of operation. However, the existing V-belt variator manufactured by the plant with a special wide V-belt has such significant disadvantages as the dependence of the adjustment range on the belt width, insufficient belt durability, and the relative high cost of a special V-belt. In this regard, a V-belt variator with a standard V-belt drive is proposed for stepless regulation of operating speeds of multi-mode technological machines. The V-belt variator is equipped with a multi-sector pulley composed of separate identical sectors of a standard pulley. The diameter of the multi-sector pulley is changed by synchronously moving the sectors in radial directions. Such important characteristics of a multi-sector pulley as the number of sectors, traction capacity, diameter, and normal belt pressure forces necessary for designing a variator with a standard V-belt are determined.

https://doi.org/10.48081/BJJY5756

2024

Issue 1

The article considers the hydrometallurgy of non-ferrous metals, in particular, the process of removing iron from sulfate solutions containing non-ferrous metals. This method is carried out by neutralizing the acid with limestone or lime, followed by hydrolytic precipitation. The process of precipitation of trivalent iron ions by Ca(OH)_2 solution from the solution of zinc sulfate was studied by the potentiometric analysis method, and the dependence between the concentration of iron ions and the hydrogen index (pH) value was determined. By using lime water as a titrant of ferric ions by the potentimetric method, it is possible to accurately calculate how much lime solution is needed to remove iron ions from zinc sulfate solution. In addition, it was shown that the pH value of the formation of iron hydrate depends on the initial concentration of Fe 3+ ions. It was experimentally determined that the more iron ions in the initial electrolyte, the lower the pH value of the hydroxide formation. It was determined that the lower the concentration of Fe 3+ ions in the solution, the higher the pH of hydroxide formation. In addition, it was determined that the presence of Cu 2+ ions used as a catalyst in the solution does not significantly affect the pH value of hydroxide formation.

https://doi.org/10.48081/WSMM1549

2024

Issue 1

Recently, the demand for safflower products has been growing year by year, due to the increase in planted areas and the popularity of safflower oil among consumers. On the basis of research and development works, a screw press for safflower oil production was considered. As a result, due to insufficiently in-depth study and wide application of safflower oil production technology, many problems remain unsolved. For example, problems such as the use of large amounts of metal as well as electrical and thermal energy are encountered in the use of screw presses. In addition, one of the main disadvantages of screw presses is the instability of the pressure value in the screw turns due to changes in structural and mechanical properties caused by the mass transfer process during the pressing process. It follows that the pressure value is not effectively distributed in the channel of screw windings, the productivity of the equipment is reduced, there is an additional processing operations in the network after pressing and an increase in the cost of inter-operational raw materials and labor costs. Therefore, the improvement of pressing equipment in vegetable oil technology in accordance with the requirements is one of the problems arising from modern needs.

https://doi.org/10.48081/QWWZ2466

2024

Issue 1

This article presents the results of a study of existing technologies for the manufacture of cylindrical gears, in particular large-module spur gears. The research was carried out in the conditions of mechanical engineering enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan and a review of technical literature and an analysis of scientific works of scientists were carried out. The results of a study of the manufacturing technology of spur gears showed that there is a problem of ensuring the accuracy and quality of processing of tooth cavities. This is especially noticeable in the manufacture of large-module cylindrical gears. It was also revealed that the high complexity of the technological process of machining leads to an increase in the cost of manufacturing spur gears. The types of damage and wear of the working surfaces of the teeth of cylindrical gears were investigated. It has been established that the performance of gears is influenced by both external factors that determine the transmitted torques and the nature of rotation of the gears, as well as internal ones, which depend on the technical condition of the mechanism. This state of the problem dictates the need to develop resource-saving processing methods to improve the accuracy, reliability and durability of large-module cylindrical gears. A study was carried out of the influence of technological factors on the deviations of the radii of involute profiles along the tooth height of spur gears.

https://doi.org/10.48081/OAMF7999

2024

Issue 1

This article presents the results of experimental studies on the involvement in the processing of used filters from ash and slag waste used in the refining of primary aluminum as a filler in the production of concrete for building products. The research was carried out within the framework of grant funding from the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the competition “Zhas Galym” under the project IRN AR19175493 “Development of technology for refining primary aluminum with filters with an active surface.” The recycling of used grain filters was carried out in three stages: preliminary processing of filter grains to remove aluminum scrap; metallurgical processing of separated aluminum scrap by remelting in an induction crucible furnace and refining using complex technology described by the authors in the work; obtaining a concrete mixture based on crushed waste filter grains, quartz sand and bauxite sludge, screenings from crushing rocks with a fraction of 20 - 30 mm and Portland cement to obtain samples of construction products. According to the test results, the tensile strength of concrete samples of building products is 20.89 - 37.75 MPa, depending on the content of Portland cement (from 20 to 40%) and corresponds to the class of heavy concrete.

https://doi.org/10.48081/GONV7323

2024

Issue 1

This article discusses the issues of studying the friction characteristics in the contact zone of the piezo plate and the rotor in order to improve the dynamic characteristics of the vibration drive. Studies of vibration motors have shown their exceptional qualities: high moving resolution, wide temperature range, complete absence of influence of parasitic magnetic or electric (in particular radiation) fields. But the main feature of vibration motors should be considered high dynamic quality in transient modes of movement (i.e., when starting and stopping, in start-stop and step modes), since the oscillating element becomes braking from the moment the power is turned off.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ZUPK7442

2024

Issue 1

This article discusses the process of the storm protection mechanism, designed to reduce the speed of rotation of the wind wheel at increased wind speeds. Based on operational experience and previously conducted preliminary studies of the dependence of the rotation frequency of the wind wheel on the angle of installation of the blades relative to the plane of the wind wheel, it was found that the greater the angle of installation of the blades, the lower the rotation frequency of the wind wheel. This article examines the influence of factors reducing the total area of the blades, which perceives a direct air flow and an increase in the resistance to rotation of the wind wheel due to the increasing area of the blades. Thus, it is proved that the decrease in the rotation frequency of the wind wheel occurs due to a decrease in the area swept by the wind wheel and almost does not depend on the braking effect of the air with an increase in the area of the blades when they turn at an angle from 15 to 90.

https://doi.org/10.48081/LPAC2085

2024

Issue 1