In this paper the influence of the binder composition on the properties of briquettes intended for recycling of ball bearing steel chip waste is investigated. The importance of this study is due to the need to develop efficient methods for recycling metal waste in order to reduce environmental impact and increase the resource efficiency of production. During the experiment, briquettes were obtained by pressing on a laboratory hydraulic press, by testing of the pressing modes. The binding elements were studied, as well as their influence on the strength of briquettes that affect the melting and recovery processes of the metal. The results showed that the binder composition significantly affects the strength and gas permeability of the briquettes and their resistance to thermal effects, which in turn determines the efficiency of waste treatment. The work has practical significance for developing new technologies of metal waste recycling, improving product quality and increasing economic efficiency of ball bearing steel recycling. In addition, the study allows to optimize the choice of binding materials, which can reduce the cost of production of briquettes and improve their performance. Developing more durable and durable briquettes helps to increase the durability of equipment used for metal smelting and recovery. The results can be used to scale recycling technology into industrial facilities, opening up new opportunities for recycling and reducing waste generation. The technologies developed in this study could be used to develop a wider application in the metallurgical industry.

https://doi.org/10.48081/APSJ4479

2025

Issue 2

This article addresses the development of a device for determining the imbalance of small-sized products weighing approximately 10g, used in precision instruments and defense industry machines operating at high rotational speeds. The device operates based on the free rotation method, where products with radius r=4 mm rotate on support rollers at speeds of up to 15000 rpm. The geometric and kinematic parameters of the device were determined depending on the mass-geometric characteristics of the tested products, assuming no radial displacement of the center of mass e=0. Five test samples with a controlled center of mass displacement were used in the experiment, with each sample undergoing n=12 measurements at each roller speed. Based on the obtained data, the average detachment angle of the products from the rollers was calculated, which serves as an indicator of product quality: as imbalance increases, the detachment angle decreases. However, at low rotation speeds, imbalanced products with e=8 μm exhibit lower stability due to shape inaccuracies, which become less significant at higher speeds and are more influenced by imbalance. The device's measurement accuracy was assessed for the case when the measurements were carried out for a product with e=8 μm at nr=9000 rpm.

https://doi.org/10.48081/NWYG4606

2025

Issue 2

The capture, storage and production of commercial products of carbon dioxide are an extremely important problem for humanity at the present time. Every year, industrial enterprises utilize about 40 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions. Of these, the largest part of the gas is accounted for by enterprises extracting and processing natural gas. The rest of the gas is used in the production of building materials, fertilizers, iron and its alloys. The authors of the article, as a result of a brief analysis, identified the problems that arise in the purification of industrial gases from carbon dioxide and its removal as a commercial product. The need to expand the range of products obtained, man-made waste and natural raw materials for use as a chemisorbent for capturing this gas is noted. The article provides information on the possibility of developing this direction using raw material sources based on barium compounds. The capture, storage and production of commercial products of carbon dioxide are an extremely important problem for humanity at the present time. Every year, industrial enterprises utilize about 40 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions. Of these, the largest part of the gas is accounted for by enterprises extracting and processing natural gas. The rest of the gas is used in the production of building materials, fertilizers, iron and its alloys. The authors of the article, as a result of a brief analysis, identified the problems that arise in the purification of industrial gases from carbon dioxide and its removal as a commercial product. The need to expand the range of products obtained, man-made waste and natural raw materials for use as a chemisorbent for capturing this gas is noted. The carbon dioxide capture was studied in laboratory conditions using CO2 from a cylinder. Reactive barium carbonate was used as the initial chemisorbent. The pulp was prepared by distributing it into two Drexel flasks. Carbon dioxide was fed from the cylinder into successively connected flasks through a rotameter at a rate of 2 ml/sec for a certain time. After the time had elapsed, the pulp was filtered on a laboratory vacuum filter, dried, and the mass of the undissolved sediment was determined. Its transition into solution in the form of bicarbonate was determined by calculation based on the difference between the initial and residual barium carbonate. The article provides information on the possibility of developing this direction using raw material sources based on barium compounds.

https://doi.org/10.48081/WDXE1343

2025

Issue 2

Material grinding is the most expensive process of the metallurgical complex, and the creation of a mathematical apparatus that allows for the rational implementation of the technology of grinding various materials while reducing the cost of the process is an urgent task. The purpose of this work is to modify the probabilistic model of grinding ore materials to adapt it to real operating conditions of mills. The methodology of the work consists of using a new direction in mathematics – isomorphism, on the basis of which, during the development of the activation factor of grinding, the value of the statistical sum was found for the first time in its discrete expression with any given accuracy for the step of variation of energy  through a convergent improper integral and an established invariant. As a result of the work, isomorphism of the activation factor of grinding was established by the probability of destruction of ore grains by grinding balls through a direct connection with the activation energy and due to the isomorphism of various types of energy - thermal and mechanical, kinetic and potential - in counteraction with the activation energy. It was revealed that the entropy of mixing fractions is subject to the laws of nonequilibrium thermodynamics in the direction of its decrease as the process proceeds, that is, in the manifestation of self-organization and stability of the corresponding structure.

https://doi.org/10.48081/RPJJ5492

2025

Issue 2

The article presents the results of laboratory studies on agglomeration of gas cleaning sludge mixed with rich dust from inertial collectors and dust after drying chrome ore. The technological process of pelletizing, which consists of: preparation of raw materials for pelletizing (crushing, classification, drying and mixing of components), pellet processing operations for the purpose of separating fines and strengthening. In this work, polymeric binders act as binders: cement, clay powder for chrome pellets, organic binder ligno and polymer binder, which is a polymer based on acrylic acid amide and an inorganic binder. Different types of binders, each of which has specific requirements. Several types of basic materials and binders, to determine the optimal recipe for pelletizing fine-grade ore raw materials, humidity and cold agglomeration modes. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of the obtained agglomerated products are estimated. The optimal composition of the mixture for agglomeration has been formulated. The results of measuring the mechanical properties have been obtained, tables for drop, impact and abrasion are provided, as well as drawings of the results of pelletized materials. The factors influencing the quality of pellets have been determined.

https://doi.org/10.48081/TYVF4433

2025

Issue 2

This research presents the results of an experimental campaign on glued wooden I-beams. The work involved two types of glued wooden beams technique. The key investigation parameters were the variation of bonding approaches on the OSB board (in grove, and side glue). The groove connection ensures uniform load distribution within the joint area. A force applied perpendicular to the surface of one component is evenly transmitted to adjacent parts through the ridge and tongue. The forces generated in the connection area are substantially lower than the bearing capacity of the connected elements, enhancing the structure's overall reliability. This approach increases the contact area between connected parts, thereby improving the strength and durability of the adhesive joint. The I-beam glued wooden beams prepared for the experiment were subjected to stress to determine the strength characteristics. The experimental program also aimed to analyze the influence of these beam bonding methods on the overall deformation behavior at different loading levels.

https://doi.org/10.48081/LYQQ6848

2025

Issue 2

This study examines the influence of technological parameters of electroslag surfacing (current intensity, slag bath voltage, and water flow rate) on the comprehensive quality indicators of surfaced gear teeth. The current determines the amount of heat generated in the surfacing zone, which affects the penetration depth and the crystallization conditions of both the base metal and the teeth. The slag bath voltage reflects the electrical resistance of the slag and the stability of the arc discharge, which is critically important for uniform and defect-free surfacing of gear teeth. The water flow rate determines the cooling efficiency of the crystallizer, influencing the cooling rate, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the surfaced teeth. Therefore, these parameters were chosen as the main criteria for evaluating the quality of the surfaced teeth. A correlation analysis was carried out to determine the significant relationship between the technological parameters and the quality level of the surfaced teeth. It was found that increasing the current up to 375 A contributes to an increase in the Ki index; however, exceeding this value causes overheating and leads to structural defects. The slag bath voltage affects the process stability, with optimal results observed in the range of 70.8 to 73.25 V. The study also showed that insufficient cooling of the crystallizer (down to 3.5 L/min) leads to the accumulation of thermal stresses, the formation of cavities, and a decrease in quality. These results can be applied to improve component restoration technologies in various industries.

https://doi.org/10.48081/TLZS5198

2025

Issue 2

The article considers the issues of automation of planning of heterogeneous flows on the railways of Kazakhstan, taking into account their importance for the economy of the country. A review of previous studies aimed at the development and implementation of mathematical models (MM) and intelligent transport systems (ITS) is conducted, allowing to take into account heterogeneous characteristics of traffic flows, including various types of cargo and passenger flows, infrastructure limitations, economic and time factors. Based on the analysis of existing approaches, their limitations are identified and promising directions for improving the methods and models of traffic flow management are proposed, taking into account their heterogeneity. Emphasis is placed on the need for an integrated approach and the use of modern information technologies to improve the efficiency of the railway transport (RT) of Kazakhstan. Modern problems of planning heterogeneous transport flows (hereinafter we use the abbreviation – NTP) on all types of transport, including rail transport (RR), often come down to finding optimal solutions in problems of maximum flows Real transport flows on the railways of Kazakhstan (hereinafter RK) are predominantly heterogeneous, as they include elements with different characteristics, such as ownership, functional purpose (passenger flows and freight flows), transportation requirements, as well as service features and time parameters.

https://doi.org/10.48081/DKHG5579

2025

Issue 2

This article is devoted to the study of the process of reduction of rolled scale subjected to crushing without further screening and other preparatory operations in a hydrogen stream. The filling height of the scale powder, represented by the main fraction 0.9 – 0.315 mm, was 10 mm, the recovery time was 60 minutes, the temperature was 900 and 1000 ℃. During and after the restoration, qualitative signs were considered, which can be used to judge the progress of the restoration process: by the appearance of the torch formed as a result of igniting hydrogen at the outlet of the furnace; according to the external signs of a metal sponge formed as a result of restoration. The absence of strict control of the granulometric composition and other preparatory operations and the production of iron powder with a purity of up to 95.8% at 1000 ° C showed the potential for adapting this technology in real industry without significant costs for additional equipment. With the complete reduction of iron oxides in the composition of the iron powder, an impurity, SiO2, remained finely distributed in the structure of powder particles, which was present as a result of sandblasting rolled products to remove scale. This indicates the need for preliminary impurity removal to obtain pure iron powder.

https://doi.org/10.48081/AZNG9126

2025

Issue 2

This article identifies a mathematical model for constructing a situation on the distribution of dust concentration from impact factors during loading and unloading operations with covered vehicles and cargo with a dusty character, such as cement, dry building mixes and flour products packaged in bags. The analysis of the mechanism of dust concentration distribution and the corresponding impact factors when working with this cargo is carried out. During these operations, protective equipment is available for the workforce involved, but these tools do not create a convenient, comfortable working environment, as work is carried out with respirators, goggles or masks that become clogged, require periodic cleaning, etc. Dustiness also leads to rapid wear of equipment operating during loading or unloading or overheating, burning out of electric motors of this type. equipment. Therefore, it is important to understand the patterns of dust concentration distribution during these operations. In this article, these studies are based on the theory of similarity and the equation of motion of a two-phase gas-solid flow, which takes into account the implementation of loading and unloading operations in an indoor vehicle by a belt conveyor. There are six main factors that affect the dust distribution around the conveyor belt, such as the direction of air flow, the average air flow velocity, the working speed of the belt, humidity in the covered cargo compartment of the vehicle, the feed rate and the height of the cargo to and from the conveyor belt.

https://doi.org/10.48081/KRMH8875

2025

Issue 2