This article examines the quality assessment of plasma cutting through the use of qualimetric analysis, focusing on identifying key parameters that influence cutting performance and defect formation. Plasma cutting is widely used for processing conductive materials, but variations in process parameters can lead to defects that impact the quality of the final product. This study provides a comprehensive quality assessment of plasma cutting by examining factors such as cutting speed, power, surface roughness, and the heat-affected zone. Using the expert evaluation method and an integral quality indicator, we identify the most significant parameters affecting cutting quality, with a particular focus on minimizing surface defects. Regression analysis further supports parameter optimization by providing a model that correlates cutting speed and power with defect volume. The results show that increasing cutting speed and optimizing power settings significantly reduce defects such as burrs and surface roughness, thereby enhancing overall cutting quality. This research offers valuable insights for improving the accuracy and efficiency of plasma cutting, and the proposed model may be beneficial for industrial applications requiring high-quality outcomes.

https://doi.org/10.48081/SZUO4626

2025

Issue 1

The article presents a metallurgical assessment of the initial charge materials for producing chromium-manganese (Cr-Mn) ligature using new complex reductants. The work included a detailed analysis of the composition of ores and reductants, such as ferrosilicoaluminum (FeSiAl), ferrosilicochromium dust (FeSiCr), and aluminosilicomanganese (AlSiMn). Through the application of the X-ray phase analysis (XRD) method, the structure and phase composition of the ore components were determined, allowing for their suitability for the production of Cr-Mn ligature to be evaluated. The results showed that the studied ores possess the necessary characteristics for producing high-quality ligature, which opens up opportunities to reduce dependence on imported raw materials. The article also discussed optimal processing conditions for the ores, the selection of reductants, and the effects of their combinations on the properties of the final alloy. The obtained data contribute to the development of new technological solutions for processing local ores, potentially increasing the efficiency and environmental safety of metallurgical processes. This study proposes ways to improve the quality of alloys used in domestic industry, enhancing the competitiveness of Kazakhstan's metallurgy on the international stage.

https://doi.org/10.48081/IDDG9941

2025

Issue 1

The article presents a simulation of the low-temperature solid-phase reduction process of nickel laterite ore from the "Batamsha" deposit using the "HSC Chemistry 10" software package. X-ray phase analysis determined the phase composition of the nickel ore: 1.43% NiO, 5.2% Fe₂O₃, 9.4% Fe₃O₄, 6% FeO·OH, 5.4% Fe₂SiO₄, 0.27% FeS, 4.2% MgSiO₃, 12.4% Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄, 35.1% CaAl₂Si₂O₈, 17.8% SiO₂, and 2.8% CaCO₃. The obtained data were used to calculate the molar composition of the nickel ore, necessary for determining the number of moles of components involved in the reduction reactions of oxide compounds in the ore, utilizing the "HSC Chemistry 10" software package. The thermodynamics of the reduction process was studied using the Equilibrium Composition module, which calculates the equilibrium compositions of interacting phases based on the Gibbs free energy minimization method. The reduction of nickel laterite ore was investigated using carbon monoxide and its mixtures with hydrogen in ratios of (1:1), (1:2), and (1:3). The study using carbon monoxide as a reducing agent showed that nickel reduction begins at 440 °C, with complete reduction achieved at a reductant consumption of 1.1 moles at a temperature of 900 °C. The research demonstrated that adding hydrogen to CO significantly lowers the reduction onset and complete reduction temperatures of nickel (from 440/900 °C to 340/700 °C) as well as the required reductant consumption. In all experiments, iron reduction began at 440 °C, indicating selective nickel reduction when using CO-hydrogen mixtures. The CO+H₂ reducing mixture in a 1:2 ratio can be considered optimal in terms of balancing reduction efficiency and economic process parameters. The obtained results indicate the potential of using hydrogen-containing reducing mixtures to improve the efficiency of nickel extraction from laterite ores. However, the optimal mixture composition depends on the specific characteristics of the ore and technological conditions.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HVTA9346

2025

Issue 1

At present, the problem of processing gold ores containing copper is one of the most urgent, since copper in gold ores is both a valuable component and a harmful impurity that complicates the process of gold extraction. First of all, it concerns cyanidation - one of the main operations in the process of metallurgical processing of gold ore raw materials. Since cyanidation is the basic process for gold recovery technology, gold ores or concentrates, which for one reason or another are difficult to be treated by cyanidation, are categorized as refractory. The persistence of gold ores in relation to the cyanide process is characterized by several criteria, which are determined by the nature of the relationship of gold particles with minerals and rock in the ore, the presence of minerals and substances in the ore that slow down the rate of dissolution of gold and cause increased consumption of cyanide, the presence of natural sorbents in the ore. To the criteria of persistence of gold ores include physical depression, chemical depression, as well as sorption activity of minerals present in the ore.Thus, the stage of determining the material composition and gold-copper ores is one of the responsible stages, because it depends on the delnejshey strategy for determining the processing technology of cyanide leaching of gold-copper ores. As a result of the conducted research it was found out that in the composition of the ore gold content in the sample amounted to - 1.2 g/t. Silver content also amounted to - 1.2g/t. The total amount of copper amounted to 0.15%. The iron content amounted to 5.10%. The total amount of sulfur was 0.34%.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HAHW3828

2025

Issue 1

This article shows the preparation of raw materials in relation to the operating conditions of the Zhezkazgan Copper Plant (ZhCP), where the use of rounded material is provided for electric smelting. When developing pelletizing technology, various mineral binders were tested - lime, bentonite, copper sulfate, which did not give positive results. To improve the quality of pelletized raw materials and solve the problem of reducing metal losses with slag and reducing dust removal, this paper presents the results of the development of a new technology for pelletizing copper raw materials using boron-containing fluxes. Borate ore was used as a boron-containing material. Experimental studies on the development of pelletizing technology were carried out with industrial ZhCP charge. To establish the real mechanism of the influence of boron on the processes of pelletization and hardening of copper pellets, chemical pure boron oxide В2О3 was used as a boron-containing flux along with borate ore. For comparison, copper pellets were produced as base pellets. The results of the study showed that boron-containing additives are close to sulfite-alcohol stillage in terms of their effect on the strength of wet pellets. In general, the possibility of replacing expensive sulfite-alcohol stillage with borate ore during preliminary firing of pellets at a temperature of 500 ℃ has been shown, which will ensure their higher safety when heated in an ore-thermal furnace.

https://doi.org/10.48081/LUFX8179

2025

Issue 1

This article discusses the development and application of modern machine learning methods for monitoring and predicting the technical condition of pumps used in an industrial setting. The study object is Warman MCR series horizontal slurry pumps, designed for continuous pumping of abrasive suspensions containing solid particles in industrial environments. These pumps are well-suited for liquids with high concentrations of solids, thanks to their enhanced reliability and wear resistance. They operate under high mechanical loads, necessitating constant monitoring of their technical condition. Over the course of 1.5 years, with measurements taken every three weeks, the vibrational characteristics of the bearings of two such continuously operating pumps within the pump fleet were measured and analyzed. Monitoring was carried out under normal operating conditions in an industrial environment. Vibration parameters were recorded using the VibroExpert II system with accelerometric sensors, capturing maximum, “peak-to-peak,” and root mean square values of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration. Moreover, mechanical and total sound pressure levels (dBm and dBc) were measured. The data were processed in the MATLAB environment. During the study, Breiman’s bagging method was applied to the first pump, demonstrating high accuracy—up to 90% of the variance in the vibration data (R²=0.9045)—allowing for the prediction of potential wear and possible component failure. This approach utilized 300 decision trees, each trained on its own bootstrap sample, and the final result was formed by ensemble averaging. For the second pump, neural networks were used, showing R²=0.7365 and capable of detecting significant deviations in vibrational characteristics. While only a single hidden layer with 10 neurons was employed, the addition of L2 regularization helped to avoid excessive “memorization” (overfitting) and improved the model’s generalization ability. For each of these methods, a mathematical model is presented, confirming the feasibility of using these approaches to enhance the reliability and durability of pump equipment. The study results indicate that utilizing machine learning methods for pump fleet monitoring significantly improves the accuracy of equipment condition forecasting.

https://doi.org/10.48081/RNRL5697

2025

Issue 1

The study describes the solution to the problem of ensuring the strength of the overhead crane girder made of ASTM A572–50 steel. Optimization of the internal section of the crane beam by placing stiffeners in the form of intersecting ribs (X) increases its bearing capacity. Important factors ensuring the consistency of the characteristics of the ASTM A572–50 steel crane girder are changing the geometry of the crane girder, which is one of the effective ways to increase its strength and bearing capacity. A properly selected beam profile shape optimizes stress distribution and reduces the likelihood of cracks and deformations. The shape of the cross-section of the beam significantly affects the stress distribution inside it. The optimal geometry allows you to reduce the stress concentration in hazardous areas and prevent the appearance of cracks. The analysis shows that a properly selected geometry makes it possible to reduce the weight of the beam without compromising its strength, which reduces the crane's energy consumption and increases its maneuverability. Mathematical modeling allowed us to establish a direct relationship between the load on the crane beam and its deflection. The obtained regression equation with a high coefficient of determination (R2=0.999) confirms the reliability of the model and makes it possible to predict the behavior of the structure under various loads.

https://doi.org/10.48081/YESC1031

2025

Issue 1

This article discusses the problems of analysis, construction and calculation of a mathematical model of oscillations of a single-axis device of a pneumatic suspended crew at the second stage. Pneumatic suspension is widely used in vehicles to ensure comfort and convenient handling. The single-axle device of the pneumatic suspension crew of the second stage is a complex system in which it is necessary to analyze its vibrations to optimize its performance. Analysis of a mathematical model involves determining the following characteristics: - Specific frequencies and forms of oscillations: specific frequencies determine the frequencies that the system oscillates after a disturbance. Specific forms of oscillations characterize the relative amplitude of oscillations in different parts of the system. - Transmission function: the transmission function describes the ratio of the output signal (body displacement) to the input signal. This shows how the system responds to different frequencies. - Comfort level: the level of comfort is assessed by the oscillation amplitude of the bodywork and its derivatives. The analysis of the mathematical model makes it possible to optimize the oscillation characteristics of a single-axle device of a pneumatic suspended crew of the second stage by adjusting the damping and stiffness coefficients. Optimization can focus on: - Decrease in the amplitude of body vibrations; - Increase the level of comfort; - Improve vehicle handling.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HAWP6336

2025

Issue 1

Geopolitical turbulence in the world continues to impact freight logistics and provides growth opportunities for alternative transport corridors and infrastructure facilities. The process of changing the global logistics map has accelerated since the pandemic and subsequent Russian-Ukrainian and Israeli-Palestinian conflicts. All these events, along with the crisis in the Red Sea, have led to the emergence of international logistics contradictions aimed at manipulating the trade potential of the region. Euro-Asian inland transport corridors form one of the largest channels of global goods movement logistics. The Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (Middle Corridor) is considered to be one of these competitive channels. For Euro-Asian countries, the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route plays a more significant role than just a bridge between China and Europe. This transport route primarily allows us to diversify the logistics of goods distribution and update the transport infrastructure of the countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus. In the context of the destabilization of the geopolitical situation in the world, Kazakhstan, which has large reserves of energy resources and a developed transport and logistics infrastructure, has become a key country in trade relations between Europe and China. The analysis and ranking of Euro-Asian inland transport corridors supporting cargo transportation in the direction China-Europe-China is carried out. Geopolitical, economic and transportation factors determining the role of competitiveness of the Trans-Caspian international transportation route in global logistics are considered

https://doi.org/10.48081/XUYF2842

2025

Issue 1

The article analyzes the effect of the cutting angle on the volume of the blade drawing prism with a multi-level geometry change. The volume of the transported drawing prism is perhaps the most important indicator of the productivity and efficiency of bulldozers with various dumps, so the relevance of the topic of the article does not raise any questions. The influence of geometric and mounting parameters of the working body of a bulldozer on this process is still poorly understood, therefore, the methods and approaches presented in the article to determine the volume of the drawing prism should be of interest to specialized specialists. The article also presents a mathematical analysis of the choice of cutting angle depending on soil conditions and an analysis of the effect of the angle of inclination of the resulting digging resistance force on the change in the coordinate of the center of pressure of the bulldozer on the ground. The dependence of the volume of the drawing prism on the cutting angle when digging various soils has been determined. The analysis of the influence of the angle of installation of the blade visor with a multi-level change in geometry on the process of digging the soil has been performed. Analytical dependencies have been derived to determine the components of digging resistance, taking into account the influence of the cutting angle, which allow optimizing the angle of inclination of the resulting digging resistance depending on the geometric dimensions of the working equipment, soil properties and the coordinates of the center of movement of the bulldozer on the ground. Original conclusions are given. The research related to the publication is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan - grant AP22684640 – "Development of an articulated design of a bulldozer blade with a multi-level geometry change".

https://doi.org/10.48081/DUKE7639

2025

Issue 1