This article presents the results of a complete thermodynamic modeling of the smelting process of chromium-manganese-silicon-containing ferroalloy from chromium and manganese ores of Kazakhstan. A complete thermodynamic simulation of the smelting process of chromium-manganese silicon-containing ferroalloy was performed in the software package "HSC Chemistry 6". The principle of operation of this software package is based on the principle of maximum entropy and takes into account all known properties of the reacting components that make up the thermodynamic system. Thermodynamic analysis for modeling the smelting process of a complex alloy was carried out in the temperature range from 900 to 1800 ℃ for three real charge compositions (with a lack of 10% solid reducing agent, with a normal course of the regime and with an excess of 10% solid reducing agent). The mechanism of joint carbothermic reduction of silicon, aluminum, calcium, manganese, chromium and iron was studied using the Cr-Si-Al-Ca-Mn-Mg-O-C system. The calculations carried out make it possible to fully consider all the physicochemical processes occurring during the smelting of chromium-manganese silicon containing ferroalloy by the carbothermic method. According to thermodynamic data, the optimal consumption of solid carbon per 100 kg of ore mixture (chromium and manganese ore), in the amount of 17 kg, has been established. The chemical composition at a temperature of 1800 °C is, %: Cr - 43.43; Mn - 21.28; Si - 10.25 and Fe - 24.55.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ODXD9913

2023

Issue 3

With the beginning of the new century, a trend is actively developing around the world to create environmentally sustainable materials in all spheres of human life. At the same time, the amount of industrial waste is growing every year, which, due to the lack of a field of application, are subject to burial in landfills with huge areas. In this regard, one of the areas being implemented is the development of new building materials, in particular, a binder material using various wastes. Today, the widely used binder - Portland cement has a number of disadvantages and is not safe for the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to find its analogue, which would have all the desired properties. Materials based on geopolymers may be promising. Existing approaches for the synthesis of geopolymer building materials need to be improved. This review discusses research works on methods for obtaining geopolymer materials from various types of raw materials, discusses and compares the results, and also presents the conditions and physicochemical parameters that affect the properties of the final product. This study evaluated the possibility of using red as precursors for obtaining geopolymers based on them.

https://doi.org/10.48081/BAHA7684

2023

Issue 3

The most common modern technology for cutting float glass is cutting with cutting wheels, which have a wedge-shaped obtuse cross section and are made of hard alloys. Cutting glass is the creation of a system of cracks. During this, an area of destruction is inevitably formed, consisting of a large number of tiny digs and cracks that occur because of the action of the cutting tool. In the process of waterjet cutting, the depth of surface and lateral cracks increases. In addition, this increases the variation in the depth of the middle cracks. These factors worsen the quality of the cut and increase the likelihood of a split not along the cut. All this results in the necessity to ensure the wheel sharpening angle, pressure and cutting speed that are optimal for the quality of the cut. These optimal values depend on the thickness of the glass and the retained stresses in the glass. The quality of the cut depends on the number and depth of microcracks (especially the middle ones). With a decrease in the angle of sharpening of the wheel, an increase in cutting pressure and speed, the average depth of the median cracks increases, which has a positive effect on the quality of the cut. As a result of the conducted research, optimal parameters of waterjet cutting (treatment) were established, namely, the angle of sharpening of the wheel (110°-160°), cutting pressure (35 N) and speed, which is favorable for the quality of the cut and a reduction in the reject percentage.

https://doi.org/10.48081/LLCV2136

2023

Issue 3

The article presents the results of the research work “Conducting a pilot study of an anti-icing composition (AIC) for processing railway gondola cars in the conditions of the “Molodyozhny” open pit, carried out by Mining Research Group LLP in accordance with an agreement with Kazakhmys Coal LLP. The purpose of the pilot tests was to conduct tests to study the operability of the installation for treating the sides and bottoms of railway gondola cars with anti-icing liquid and to determine the effectiveness of the use of anti-icing liquid when treating railway gondola cars in the conditions of the Molodyozhny open pit of Kazakhmys Coal LLP. To achieve the goal, the following tasks were set: to check the operability of the installation in the conditions of the Molodyozhny open pit of Kazakhmys Coal LLP; check the compliance of the installation parameters with the technical specifications; check the compliance of the installation with safety and industrial sanitation rules; to determine the effectiveness of the use of anti-icing liquid in the processing of railway gondola cars for the conditions of the “Molodyozhny” open pit of Kazakhmys Coal LLP. In the course of the research, the following were determined: average consumption (l/car) of anti-icing liquids per one gondola car; average time of treatment with anti-icing liquids for one gondola car. When conducting pilot tests, a visual inspection of gondola cars after unloading coal showed that the use of all types of liquid coolant had a positive effect - the sides and bottoms of gondola cars are almost all clean compared to untreated gondola cars. However, if there is snow on the entire bottom of the processed gondola cars, it causes coal sticking all over the bottom of the gondola cars, therefore, when processing gondola cars, it is necessary to thoroughly clean the gondola cars from snow using manual labor or modern systems for cleaning and blowing snow from gondola cars.

https://doi.org/10.48081/VEUG3529

2023

Issue 3

Annotation One of the main distinguishing features of the current state of open pit mining is a steady trend towards an increase in the depth and productivity of open pits. Under these conditions, the cyclic flow technology (CPT) for the development of minerals becomes the most effective. This is confirmed by the existing experience of using CLT in the country's open pit mines. In our time, the experience of operating the CPT has revealed the need to create special types of conveyors capable of transporting large-sized rock mass at installation angles equal to the angle of repose of the part of the quarry, which are 35 ... 45 degrees. One of the design schemes of such conveyors is a steeply inclined plate conveyor, in which, to hold the load on the carrier canvas, the principle of load support (supporting partitions) is used. To reduce the material consumption of the load-carrying web of a steeply inclined apron conveyor, it is necessary to determine the optimal ratios between the geometric parameters of the cargo cell (section of the cargo branch between two supporting partitions) of the steeply inclined conveyor. A mathematical model for optimizing the geometric parameters of the cargo cell of a steeply inclined plate conveyor has been compiled, which is an objective function of the volume of cargo in the cargo cell, with a fixed value of the surface area of the cargo cell. The objective function was studied to the maximum by a numerical method, as a result of which the dependences of the optimal values of the geometric parameters of the cargo cell on the relative width of the conveyor belt, the angle of installation of the conveyor, and the angle of repose of the transported material were obtained.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ZPRK8879

2023

Issue 3

The paper analyzes modern methods of ash processing from coal burning and their impact on the environment. It is shown that with the development of the coal industry, the output of ash and slag waste is growing, which occupy large areas for storage and their negative impact on the environment. The work has developed a technological scheme for the complex processing of ash to produce commercial products – an iron-containing product with a high iron content of up to 50%, pure silica with a content of 99.9% SiO2 and metallurgical alumina grade G-0, suitable for the production of aluminum. It is shown that from the processing of 1 ton of ash using the new technology, it is additionally possible to obtain marketable products with high added value: ~100 kg of iron-containing product, ~ 400 kg of pure SiO2 and about 265 kg of metallurgical alumina (Al2O3) grade G-0. The use of the developed technology of integrated ash processing will stimulate the development of the energy industry by completely recycling them to obtain commodity products with high added value and increase the efficiency of thermal power plants operating on coal combustion by involving ash waste in processing as an additional source of raw materials.

https://doi.org/10.48081/RTBP8301

2023

Issue 3

This research is funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No. AP14972884). This research has shown that a serious limiting factor inhibiting the use of harder metals and alloys as dressing materials is the loss of form stability of the cutting edge when, due to high contact loads, it is plastically deformed with deterioration of cutting properties caused by changes in the geometry of the cutting edge. To address this issue, a study of the relationship between the hardness of the machined material and the pre-treatment rate was carried out. Pretreatment was carried out on two heat-treated hardened 20X steel materials with a hardness of HRC 21...23 and HRC 19...20. As a result it is established that by varying the hardness of the machined material during tool lapping it is possible to increase the hardening effect and significantly reduce the material consumption. Also plots of influence of pre-treatment duration on tool life of T5K10 when turning steel 20X (HRC 16...17) and influence of hardness of working material on optimum rate of pre-treatment of R6M5 tool and time of pre-treatment are presented.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ABUL1117

2023

Issue 3

This article presents the results of comparative experimental studies on the complex two-stage processing of primary aluminum by flux treatment with boric acid (H3BO3) in a ladle with further filtration purification of the melt through granular filters and one-stage filtration purification of primary aluminum through active granular filters with boric acid additives. The research was carried out within the framework of grant funding by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the Zhas Galym competition under the IRN АР19175493 project “Development of technology for refining primary aluminum with active surface filters”. The research results showed that a complex one-stage technology for cleaning raw aluminum from non-ferrous metal impurities using active filters reduces their content in primary aluminum. Laboratory studies showed a decrease in the content of vanadium by 53.3 %, copper by 19.8 %, magnesium by 49.6 %, manganese by 51.7 % and silicon by 97.1 % in primary aluminum when using the active filter cleaning method. A comparative analysis of aluminum purification methods showed that the issue of using active filters needs further study in order to determine the degree of purification from non-ferrous metal impurities, depending on various parameters of the active filter

https://doi.org/10.48081/SJMQ1144

2023

Issue 3

Precious metals such as gold have been among the most sought-after metals for many years, as they are a measure of wealth. Recently, gold has not only remained relevant, but with the development of new technologies, it is becoming more and more in demand in electronics and other industries due to its unique qualities. However, the quantity and quality of mineral raw materials from which gold is extracted is decreasing every year. In this connection, the question of deeper processing of refractory mineral raw materials and technogenic wastes containing gold arises. Thus, in the Republic of Kazakhstan there are significant deposits of technogenic gold deposits - tailings of enrichment, etc. They were formed in the period when technologies for extraction of gold from mineral raw materials were not perfect. Processing of anthropogenic deposits will significantly expand the raw material base of gold production. Development of such deposits has a number of advantages, as the raw material is extracted to the surface and crushed. As a rule, gold in tailings is contained in the form of thin phenocrysts in sulphides difficult to cyanidise. In this article the method of gold extraction from tailings of pyritic ore of JSC «Maikain Gold» containing gold in the amount of ≈ 1g/t is considered. Microwave preheating and subsequent thiourea leaching recovered up to 94% of the gold. Without microwave treatment the gold recovery was 67%.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ENPE6713

2023

Issue 3

The work is devoted to optimizing the composition of hybrid (three-component) aluminum matrix composites, which, like the most widely used steel blanks in the engineering industry, are strong, but at the same time differ from them in significantly lighter weight and corrosion resistance. A minor addition (reinforcement) to matrix aluminum of titanium diboride and silicon dioxide nanopowder (nanosilica) is proposed, which have a positive effect on such basic mechanical properties of machine parts blanks as strength, ductility, hardness, but at the same time do not worsen the anticorrosion properties characteristic of the original unreinforced aluminum and does not lead to an increase in the total mass of machine parts blanks. To identify the dependence of mechanical properties (optimization parameter Y) of the hybrid aluminum matrix composite on the content of reinforcing particles (factors X1 and X2), a preliminary factorial experiment was carried out with the description of the conditions of its implementation and the compilation of the planning matrix and the table of the experiment. Regression coefficients are determined, their significance is revealed and using significant coefficients the regression equation - mathematical model is obtained, which adequately describes the process of obtaining aluminum matrix composite, and also allows to optimize the flow rate of reinforcing particles to ensure the required level of mechanical properties of final composites. It was found that both X1 and X2 are significant and significantly affect the strength and other mechanical properties of the mechanical engineering billet of the aluminum matrix composite. The adequacy (fitness) of the model was checked by the Fisher criterion. The work was carried out within the framework of solving the problem of selecting promising weight percent compositions of aluminum matrix composites with scientific evaluation and analysis of the influence of selected reinforcing materials on the structure and properties of final aluminum matrix composites by means of methods of primary information processing and factorial experiment (preliminary) within the framework of the project AP19677907 "Study of the influence of micro/nanoparticles, industrial waste and shear on the quality of metal blanks for mechanical engineering".

https://doi.org/10.48081/RYQS1423

2023

Issue 3