Fires at fuel and lubricants storage facilities pose a serious threat to safety and the environment due to the high degree of flammability of these materials, which underlines the importance of controlling their possible occurrence. The study focuses on the analysis of factors contributing to the occurrence of fires at the fuel depot of the Vostochny section in Ekibastuz. A comparative analysis of two groups of potential causes of fires was carried out using the STATISTICA software package. The first group includes meteorological conditions, the second - emergency situations such as static electricity discharge, diesel fuel leakage, mechanical damage and lightning discharge. Additionally, a comparative analysis was carried out, including multiple correlation, checking for the level of significance, analyzing the histogram of residues, checking for the normality of the distribution of residues, as well as plotting predicted values and residues. The result of the analysis is a regression equation that allows us to estimate the relationship between factors and the number of fires. It is noted that static electricity discharge, diesel fuel leakage, mechanical damage and lightning discharge have the greatest impact on the possibility of a fire. These factors should be taken into account when developing measures to prevent fires in a fuel warehouse. The regression equation will make it possible to predict the probability of fires based on the values of independent variables, which will ensure more effective planning and management of fire risks.

https://doi.org/10.48081/FKPV7337

2024

Issue 2

Today, most of the machine parts are machined with chip removal, 70-80% of which are turning. In this regard, the relevance of improving the process and tools for turning is one of the important tasks in modern mechanical engineering. Turning with rotary cutters allows you to increase the durability period of the cutting plate several times due to the uniform distribution of voltage, temperature and wear during the cutting process. The article presents a computer simulation of the turning process with a rotary cutter in the COMSOL Multiphisics program in the Solid Mechanics strength analysis module. The simulation consists in studying the stationary position of a round cutting plate made of T15K6 hard alloy, depending on the radius and angle of inclination of the cutting edge when processing a workpiece made of 45 Steel in order to substantiate the geometric parameters of the cutter. During the study, it was found that with an increase in the angle of inclination and diameter of the carbide plate, the contact area with the treated surface decreases and, accordingly, contact stresses, deformations, temperature, and wear decrease. Visual images of the voltage distribution in the cutting area, graphs of the dependence of the maximum voltage on the angle of rotation are presented.

https://doi.org/10.48081/XCYF9793

2024

Issue 2

Urban water supply as an important life support structure for strategic purposes is considered a determining component of human health protection, national security and socio-economic improvement of the state. At the same time, in many regions of Kazakhstan, the regulatory quality of drinking water is not observed due to the lack of economically convenient treatment technologies. The unsatisfactory technical condition of the water supply network, which leads to its chemical and bacterial contamination, as well as serious losses, leads to an increase in the level of groundwater, flooding of urban areas and destruction of underground structures. With the development of environmentally hazardous processes of hydraulic structures of water supply complexes and chlorine facilities, the risk of occurrence of emergency situations is very high. Kazakhstan is one of the countries experiencing high water stress, it ranks 60th out of 68 countries and is distinguished by poor water resources and associated ecological systems. The unequal distribution of fresh water throughout the country, seasonal and perennial instability of river flow, the formation of most of it outside the state, and pollution of water sources threaten further socio-economic development. Currently, the problem of water supply in the country still satisfies the sectors of the economy and the population, but it is clear that the problem of water supply is only exacerbated. Most of the water management structures were built in Soviet times, and they are now too worn out, both in real and moral terms. One of the most important and little-studied issues remains to support the uninterrupted supply of drinking water to consumers, ensuring environmental safety and the necessary levels of civil protection of urban areas and the population

https://doi.org/10.48081/GYGH5395

2024

Issue 2

The article discusses the designs of shredders and their working bodies. The results obtained made it possible to obtain dependences on the distribution of crushed pieces of christmas tree branches and bone residues on the dimensions and weight of waste feed materials, the cycle of contact of disc knives with raw materials. It was revealed that a significant part of the fragmented pieces of a christmas tree branch with a diameter of 6 mm is 27-30 mm (72%) in size. This was influenced by the fact that one disc knife with a thickness of 8 mm and a pitch between the cutting edges of 30 mm was used in the row. In the case of crushing a christmas tree branch or bone remains with a width equal to the thickness of 2-3 disc knives, uneven but finer crushing is observed due to a decrease in the distance between the edges of neighboring disc knives. Structural diagrams of the hierarchy V level of the system analysis of the process of destruction of feed raw materials of plant and animal origin are constructed, focusing on the design differences between the shredder and its disc knives. It was revealed that the main factors leading to the efficiency of the shredder are a decrease in the duration of incision formation and cracking in the pieces being crushed; a change in the design of disc knives by reducing the step between the edges and increasing the thickness of disc knives.

https://doi.org/10.48081/CPTR3341

2024

Issue 2

The fight against road traffic accidents in large cities is of great social importance and is a matter of national importance. At the same time, the problem of ensuring the safety of public transport is of particular relevance due to the severe consequences of road accidents involving this category of vehicles. Thus, safety is one of the main factors ensuring high-quality passenger transportation services. An acute problem of modern society is the insufficient provision of passenger transportation safety, which leads to an increase in road accidents and injuries on the roads. One of the methods for studying the causes of road accidents is machine learning, which allows you to analyse data, remember information, make forecasts, reproduce ready-made models, and select the most suitable option from those proposed. This study systematised and analysed the data of statistics of road accidents that occurred with the participation of public transport in the city of Astana for 2017 - 2020 and the most significant causes of their occurrence were established. The data set on the number of road accidents was analysed using the method of machine learning factorisation and analysis of the main components, which made it possible to reduce the data to key features.

https://doi.org/10.48081/UVUT7474

2024

Issue 2

The complexity of selective forecasting of the functional significance of scientific and qualification research, especially at the earliest stages of its life cycle, is shown. It is proposed to use a qualimetric approach to the construction of a predictive rating of the expected possibility of its defense in time at the planning stage of scientific qualification research. The procedure of additive-deterministic construction of such rating by the method of criterion-expert analysis is formalized. The ratio linking the rating of the planned scientific-qualification research and the criteria for assessing its quality, taking into account the relevant influence coefficients, into a single functional complex has been analytically obtained. A realistic set of criteria for assessing the rating of the planned direction of scientific-qualification research fulfillment is proposed and their quantitative significance is determined. The effectiveness of the proposed qualimetric approach to the comparative assessment of the rating of several scientific and qualification research planned for implementation is shown on the example of technological operation of drawing. It is shown that at the present stage of development of drawing technology the most actual is the development of the apparatus of highly effective diagnostics of this operation, and also complex design improvement of drawing tool and optimization of factors of operational-technological heredity. Prospects of development of qualimetric approach are outlined, first of all, by creation of corresponding neural networks for objectivization of rating procedure of hard-to-formalize categories, to which the choice of direction of performance of scientific-qualification research belongs.

https://doi.org/10.48081/XICF8407

2024

Issue 2

Despite measures taken to reduce the emission of harmful substances from vehicle exhaust into the atmosphere, air quality has not improved as signifi-cantly as expected. At the same time, the list of ways to influence the emission of harmful substances is quite diverse, but even a complete rejection of heat engines in favor of electric motors does not ensure a significant reduction in the content of harmful substances in the atmosphere. The difficulty of imple-menting the entire set of methods is due to the fact that, simultaneously with reducing emissions of harmful substances, it is necessary to ensure high fuel efficiency of engines. Moreover, if the impact on the products of incomplete combustion - carbon monoxide, dispersed particles, hydrocarbons of fuel and lubricating oil - simultaneously reduces fuel consumption, then the emission of nitrogen oxides increases. In this regard, it is the processes of nitrogen ox-idation during fuel combustion that attract special attention from researchers. In this regard, much attention is paid to modeling the processes of formation and decomposition of nitrogen oxide during fuel combustion under conditions characteristic of engines, taking into account the type of mixture formation and the method of ignition of fuel-air mixtures. This article describes a model of nitrogen oxidation under conditions characteristic of diesel engines - pulsed diffusion combustion of pre-mixed fuel and oxidizer - taking into ac-count the degree of mobility of the oxidation reaction based on the thermal mechanism of nitrogen oxide (NO) formation. This allows, in the case of low mobility, to take into account only the reaction of NO formation, neglecting the reactions of its decomposition, and at high mobility, on the contrary, to take into account only the reaction of NO decomposition, assuming that the formation process occurs instantly.

https://doi.org/10.48081/VXLO7034

2024

Issue 2

This article provides a thermodynamic analysis of the process of processing primary aluminum with boric acid in a ladle. HSC Chemistry 9.0 software from Outotec Technologies was used for calculations. In the calculations, the temperature range under study corresponded to the production conditions of Kazakhstan Electrolysis Plant JSC within the range of 650 – 950 °C. The pressure range was taken based on the technological conditions for flux processing of aluminum in a transfer ladle with a working height of 2 m and was in the range of 101.33–148.99 kPa. The presence of the solid phase and low kinetics of the processes are characterized by the lower limit of the specified temperature range. The upper temperature limit is the closest to real operating conditions during electrolysis. The pressure at the metal mirror is represented by the lower limit in the pressure range, the upper limit is the pressure at the immersion depth of the flux equivalent to 2 m. The immersion depth of the sample in the calculations varied in the range of 0.5 – 2 m. The research was carried out within the framework of grant funding from the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan under the “Zhas Galym” competition under the project IRN AR19175493 “Development of technology for refining primary aluminum with filters with an active surface.” Thermodynamic analysis in the studied range of temperatures and pressures clearly indicates that vanadium boride phases are more stable compared to aluminum borides, and, therefore, they will form preferentially in this temperature range. The order of stability also suggests that vanadium can be easily removed from aluminum melts by adding boron.

https://doi.org/10.48081/VXZY6701

2024

Issue 2

This article presents the results of research work carried out by the authors in the field of determining the maximum loads in removable equipment of flatcars in coupling when transporting ultra-long rails (from 800 m) on the railways of Kazakhstan. A preliminary review and analysis of existing calculation methods and techniques showed that at the moment there are no calculation models that take into account the maximum loads when transporting ultra-long rails (from 800 m) by rail. The paper proposes basic calculation schemes for determining the maximum loads in the removable equipment of flatcars in a coupling when transporting ultra-long rails (from 800 m) when passing circular curves. The main idea of the study is that the developed method for calculating the maximum loads in the removable equipment of flatcars in a coupling (rail carriers) when transporting ultra-long rails (from 800 m) will make it possible to determine the safety of their transportation on the railways of Kazakhstan. The implementation of this scientific project will significantly increase the efficiency of the implementation of the high-speed “velvet path” in Kazakhstan. The presented research results, in our opinion, have serious applied significance, which will undoubtedly be of interest to engineers and scientists involved in research in the field of railway transport.

https://doi.org/10.48081/KZSI2960

2024

Issue 2

The analysis of works in the field of operation and maintenance of vehicles with gas cylinder equipment is given. In particular, the problem of starting the engine of cars with a gas fuel supply system in the cold season is considered. In an automobile gas cylinder, liquefied petroleum gases are in aggregate states: liquid and gaseous. Under the influence of the ambient temperature in the cylinder, the aggregate state of the gas and the heat content in the system change. The purpose of this work is to ensure the operability of vehicles with gas equipment in the power supply system at subzero temperatures by maintaining the pressure of liquefied petroleum gas in the automotive gas cylinder within specified limits. The authors propose a gas heating system in a cylinder with the installation of a belt heater outside in the form of a casing, as well as a spiral coil with an electric heater embedded in the side wall of the cylinder. The method of determining the required power of the heating element, the operating time of the heater to maintain pressure, as well as heat loss in the cylinder during operation is reflected. In the conditions of educational and production workshops of the Faculty of Engineering of NAO "Toraigyrov University", a training stand for components of gas cylinder equipment of a car with the possibility of conducting experiments is being developed.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HDMO1329

2024

Issue 2