Providing the population with high-quality food, biologically complete, balanced in the composition of the main nutrients and enriched with target physiologically active components is one of the most priority scientific and technical problems to be solved. The production of meat delicacies is one of the competitive industries that has all the prerequisites for dynamic and qualitative growth, based on the modernization of production, improvement of marketing strategies, production in accordance with international standards, satisfying the needs of various groups of the population. «Meat delicacies» is a generally recognized and generally understood term for smoked and salted products made from natural meat, as well as elite varieties of dried and smoked sausages. The improvement of technology and the development on its basis of recipes for delicatessen products using meat emulsions from recycled raw materials is today an urgent issue for the development of meat processing enterprises. A feature of the manufacture of meat delicacies is the relatively long duration of salting. The main stage in the injection technology is the operation of preparing brine for injection. In the course of the study, the expediency of using protein as part of a meat emulsion was determined when it was introduced in an amount of 20 % of the mass of the product.

https://doi.org/10.48081/LJHS6905

2023

Issue 2

In this paper, the issue of performing strength calculations is considered, the object of the study are the bodies of freight railway gondola wagons. An algorithm has been developed for modeling the processes of interaction of gondola wagons to assess the fatigue strength of the structure under the action of longitudinal loading. Controlled operational tests based on constant monitoring of the use and change of the technical condition of gondola wagons; intermediate and annual full-scale survey with measurements of the values characterizing the condition of the basic units and parts of wagons; generalizations, working out the technical conclusion - allow us to solve the issues raised and, first of all, confirm the correctness of the numerical values of the inter-repair standards. The accumulated experience of examining the technical condition of freight gondolas during commission inspections and analyzing the data obtained made it possible to clarify and supplement the instructions for the operation and maintenance of gondolas. The solution of the problem is reduced to determining the calculated values of the stress amplitudes in each interval of the longitudinal forces. This is possible only as a result of solving the problem of dynamic calculation of the body of a freight railway gondola. The presented algorithms make it possible to calculate, and also to design the bodies of gondola wagons, to make changes to the instructions for the production and repair of freight wagons.

https://doi.org//10.48081/WZVF4794

2023

Issue 1

The article reflects information about the current state of development of car designs with a hybrid power plant. The authors are conducting research work to create a prototype of an energy-efficient hybrid power plant based on a passenger car. The result of the work is an increase in the environmental safety of cars and efficiency. The basic schematic diagrams of hybrid power systems of passenger cars have been studied. Hybrid drive options included a version for rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive layouts. The power plant of a hybrid car with a parallel, sequential and series-parallel construction scheme is considered. Taking into account the advantages and disadvantages of all types of hybrid car drive schemes, the most suitable one has been selected. A small-sized car "Oka" was chosen as the base for the project. The car is modified to all-wheel drive, the electric motor is installed on the rear axle. The article contains a brief traction and dynamic calculation of an electric vehicle. According to the calculation results, an electric motor was selected. The technical solution is to develop an independent rear suspension with a subframe for mounting a gearbox with an electric motor and using hinges of equal angular velocities, which increases the cost of its design, but is the optimal solution for implementing such a scheme.

https://doi.org//10.48081/HDOM8389

2023

Issue 1

The features alloy preparation technology for cast aluminium discs in the conditions of Vector LLP are presented. Mixing induction crucible furnaces process for the production of cast discs is described in detail. Industrial experiments results of conducted to neutralize furnace downtime associated with the expectation of metal discharge are presented. The task was set to determine the optimal technology for mixing and smelting metal. Based on experiment results, the technology of continuous and efficient induction crucible furnaces operation has been developed. A series of experimental melts was also carried out in order to identify the difference in furnace performance according to different charging and melting technologies. By making changes to the technology of charging and smelting metal in induction furnaces in the production conditions of the enterprise "Vector" LLP an increase in productivity by 1.2 tons per day was achieved. Furnace downtime was also minimized due to the expectation of metal draining. When working according to standard technology, the productivity of two induction furnaces did not exceed 28 tons. After experimental technology introduction, the two induction crucible furnaces productivity increased to 30 tons of liquid metal per day.

https://doi.org//10.48081/RMQS2439

2023

Issue 1

This article presents the results of studies on the possibility of using an alternative type of reducing agent used in the sintering branch instead of a reducing mixture of Kuznetsk anthracite and Shubarkol coke. The given comparative characteristics of the reducing mixture currently used at Aluminum of Kazakhstan JSC and the proposed alternative – petroleum coke, show the possibility of the latter in its application: petroleum coke, in comparison with the used reducing agents, is characterized by a low level of ash content (0.2 % vs. 15.8 %) and reduced working physical moisture (5.0 % vs. 11.2 %), as well as high lower calorific value (7900 kcal/kg vs. 5863 kcal/kg) and high carbon content (88.0 % vs. 75.1 %). Two compositions of the slurry charge were prepared for the experiments using the compared reducing agents: a mixture of Kuznetsk anthracite and Shubarkol coke, as well as petroleum coke. During the experiment, a decrease in the specific consumption of the proposed reducing agent per unit of sinter by 7.4 % was revealed due to the reduced moisture content in the tested petroleum coke in comparison with the reduction mixture used. There is also an increase in the content of Al2O3 to 88.9 % and Na2O to 96.1 %.

https://doi.org//10.48081/QVNL7512

2023

Issue 1

Harmful dispersed particles (Particulate Matter - PM) contained in the mixture of exhaust gases of internal combustion engines and air, unlike gaseous harmful substances, are in a different state of aggregation: solid and liquid. The presence of liquid particles is associated with the condensation of part of the unburned hydrocarbons of the fuel and lubricating oil due to a decrease in the temperature of the exhaust gases when they are diluted with air. And the presence of solids is determined by the emission of not only soot, but solid sulfates, as well as part of the unburned hydrocarbons of the fuel and oil due to their condensation. At the same time, the water in the exhaust gases is not included in the composition of the PM, which is ensured by thermostating the filters on which the PM is deposited before and after the tests. However, in the course of a standardized (gravimetric) method for measuring the content of PM in exhaust gases, it is impossible to ensure the identification of these components. Therefore, often only soot (solid carbon) is meant by dispersed particles. In addition, the influence of the engine operating mode on various components is not identical: if the soot concentration in the exhaust gases is proportional to the load, then the presence of liquid components is more typical for low load modes. Such simplifications will not ensure the development of targeted measures to reduce PM emissions, since, on the one hand, all their main components will not be taken into account, and on the other hand, the influence of the engine operating mode.

https://doi.org//10.48081/VEGG5490

2023

Issue 1

This article discusses the values of residual stresses, the effect of residual stresses on the operational properties of metal products and the harmful effects of residual stresses. Based on experimental studies and practical experience, it was found that residual compression stresses increase fatigue strength, and residual tensile stresses have an adverse effect. The effect of residual stresses on resistance depends on the mechanical properties of the material and the nature of the stress state. Mechanical engineering is the application of methods and principles for solving problems from design to production for any object. Specialists in the field of mechanical engineering analyze their work using the principles of physics, ensuring that the structures will work reliably, safely and efficiently, as well as at competitive prices. One of the main industries is mechanical engineering, which accounts for about 35% of all production. The level of development of mechanical engineering determines the level of scientific and technological progress (STP) in all sectors of the national economy. Mechanical engineering makes it possible to provide all industries with machines, technological equipment and tools. Machine tool construction is the main branch of mechanical engineering that defines the scientific and technological progress in the modern world and requires highly qualified specialists and a predominantly developed industry of the country. The issues of strength and wear resistance are the main problems of resource supply in mechanical engineering. Therefore, deep knowledge of modern methods of calculating strength, wear resistance and reliability is necessary. One of the main industries is mechanical engineering, which accounts for about 35% of all production. The level of development of mechanical engineering determines the level of scientific and technological progress (STP) in all sectors of the national economy. Mechanical engineering makes it possible to provide all industries with machines, technological equipment and tools. Machine tool construction is the main branch of mechanical engineering that defines the scientific and technological progress in the modern world and requires highly qualified specialists and a predominantly developed industry of the country. The issues of strength and wear resistance are the main problems of resource supply in mechanical engineering. Therefore, deep knowledge of modern methods of calculating strength, wear resistance and reliability is necessary. The strength and reliability of the product are established at the design stage. The design, manufacturing technology, maintenance and materials used must be interconnected and conditioned. This is the basis for building the entire chain of the process of creating new parts and machines. During the modernization of machines, arbitrary changes in only the material, design or technology are not allowed. Failure to comply with these conditions will automatically make all other requirements and criteria for the quality of machines irrelevant. The characteristics of the surface layer of the materials of the parts have a decisive influence on the operational properties of the parts of the product.

https://doi.org//10.48081/NCGY8588

2023

Issue 1

With traditional manufacturing methods, the specified accuracy parameters of products are achieved by the complication of technological equipment and the use of information and measurement technologies. However, at present, the functional accuracy of high-precision products has surpassed the accuracy of processing and assembly equipment by almost an order of magnitude. This led to the problem of achieving the specified performance characteristics of high-precision products. That is why it is necessary to conduct research on the creation of approaches to the design of rational technological processes for the manufacture of parts, which, during subsequent assembly, will provide the maximum possible number of assembly kits, which in turn will have a positive impact on reducing work-in-progress. It is proposed to design multi-nomenclature technological processes of machining industries for high-precision products using the capabilities of modern computer-aided design systems. Based on the obtained connection, the structure of the computer-aided design system is formed, taking into account the assembly requirements, depending on the current production situation, rational options are chosen from a variety of technological processes of mechanical processing. This, in turn, reduces the labor intensity, manufacturing time and cost, improves the quality and accuracy of high-precision products, reduces the time and labor intensity during technological preparation of production.

https://doi.org//10.48081/FGNE1148

2023

Issue 1

This article discusses the choice of optimal small-sized characteristics of a three-stage medium-class launch vehicle designed to launch a payload of up to 7.6 tons. characteristics. The article consists of three main parts: determination of the required characteristic speed of the launch vehicle according to the given flight characteristics; optimal characteristics of the ratio of the mass of rocket blocks to the mass of the payload using the Mathcad program; determination of the weight and size characteristics of the launch vehicle itself. For the first time, the mass-dimensional and geometric parameters of the launch vehicle were determined using a new type of fuel – liquefied natural gas and liquid oxygen. According to the specified flight characteristics of the launch vehicle and the payload mass, it was possible for the first time to determine the launch mass of the launch vehicle, the weight and size characteristics of the fuel tanks, instrument, tail compartments of the rocket blocks of the first, second and third stages, as well as the volume of the head fairing. All this made it possible to design a new, simplest three-stage launch vehicle that can launch a payload of up to 7.6 from the Baikonur cosmodrome into near-Earth orbit.

https://doi.org//10.48081/UNNA1041

2023

Issue 1

To process holes in bushings, flanges, pulleys and other similar parts, various types of metal-cutting tools are used: drills, countersinks, reamers, broaches, and others. The use of a particular tool depends on the required accuracy, roughness and type of production. Unfavorable cutting conditions cause an increase in the mechanical load on the blade section, where the chips separate from the main layer of material and its deformation, which is accompanied by significant heat release and low tool life. This article proposes the processing of high-precision holes - a reamer-broaching, the design of which is confirmed by the patents of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and structurally combines the features of a reamer and a broach. This design provides favorable cutting conditions, which contributes to high machining accuracy and low surface roughness. In cross-section, the profile of the helical teeth of the reamer-broaching can be of the following versions: standard profile of the reamer teeth, equal-wide tooth profile, like a broach with a helical equal-wide tooth, cutting-deforming. The results of production testing of samples are given, the analysis shows that the accuracy of the diametrical dimensions of the holes after processing with a reamer-broaching increased by 1.2 quality compared to a machine standard reamer; the roughness decreased by 1, 2 classes.

https://doi.org//10.48081/MSMF5347

2023

Issue 1