Icing of roads and sidewalks is one of the urgent problems affecting road safety. In winter, a mechanical method of removing ice from the surface of roads and sidewalks is often used to combat slipperiness. An effective mechanical method of removing ice from roads and sidewalks is its destruction by impact action of a solid spherical surface, for which new working bodies have been developed. As a result of theoretical studies, theoretical calculation dependencies of a mechanical-mathematical model were obtained for determining the parameters of a working body of impact action with a spherical working surface for destroying ice, taking into account the characteristics of ice, allowing for engineering calculations and determining both at the development and design stage and in the process of operation, the parameters of the working body of impact action with spherical strikers and selecting such a value of the destructive effect of the working body on ice, at which it is possible to destroy ice of a given strength and thickness. Several design solutions for working bodies for breaking ice on roads with regulation of the magnitude of the destructive effect on ice by changing the radius of the striker location relative to the axis of rotation of the working body have been developed, which, due to the possibility of adaptation to working conditions, have high efficiency in breaking ice and quality of cleaning road surfaces. The results of the research allow developing improved designs of working bodies with increased technological and economic efficiency.

https://doi.org/10.48081/PKBH8649

2024

Issue 4

This work is devoted to the study of the influence of electrofriction treatment on plowshares parameters during field tests. In this work field tests were carried out on a field of 100 ha with the soil mountain chestnut with the presence of a large number of rocks and crystalline formations, typical for the mountainous regions of East Kazakhstan. After carrying out the tests, the mass loss for factory serial plowshares with sormite cladding and plowshares after electrofriction hardening (EFH) over sormite in equal quantities of 4 pcs. were investigated. SEM cross-sectional images and linear EDS analysis data were obtained and three zones were clearly visible in the figures. The results of field tests showed that the plowshares after EFH are 14% less prone to wear by weight loss than their factory counterparts. For visual comparison, all 8 plowshares before and after the field tests were scanned on a 3D scanner to compare the amount of wear. According to the results of 3D scanning, the EFH-treated plowshares on average lost 10 % less initial volume compared to the factory ones. Also, according to the results of 3D scanning, based on the models of plowshares were made conclusions about the mechanism of wear of the plowshares during plowing. The most subject to wear is the nose part of the plowshare, namely the tip of the blade edge (plowshare tip), which takes on all the load when plowing the soil. More dense structure obtained by the combined method contributes to the improvement of corrosion resistance of shares. According to the results of the conducted research, it can be concluded that electrofriction treatment is a good means to increase the wear resistance of blades, and can serve as a method that complements and improves the treatment by surfacing with sormite.

https://doi.org/10.48081/DAZB3904

2024

Issue 4

The paper presents the results of the study of a high-entropy coating of the AlCrCoFeNi system obtained using mechanochemical synthesis and deposited on a 40X steel substrate by detonation sputtering. The unique microstructural and mechanical properties of this coating have been thoroughly investigated, including a detailed analysis of the phase distribution and hardness of the material. A cross-sectional study of the coating revealed a uniform distribution of components, which contributes to its performance characteristics. X-ray diffraction analysis showed a complex multiphase structure represented by HCC, OCC, GPU phases, and intermetallic compounds, which provide strength to the coating. The results of Vickers microhardness measurements confirmed high hardness values, as well as resistance to plastic deformation, which makes this coating promising for use as a structural material. Thus, the investigated coating can be used in conditions requiring increased wear resistance and strength, which opens prospects for its wide application in various industries..

https://doi.org/10.48081/GMAK3071

2024

Issue 4

This article presents a study of the laser cutting process of aviation aluminum-lithium alloys of the Al-Mg-Li system using pulsed and continuous radiation. Laser cutting is a highly efficient metalworking method that ensures high cutting speed and quality. However, for aluminum alloys, the process is complicated by their high thermal conductivity and reflectivity. The article reports on the results of mechanical tests of aluminum-lithium alloy samples of the Al-Mg-Li system obtained by laser cutting with continuous and pulsed radiation. A CO2 laser was used for cutting. Pulsed cutting was performed at a pulse repetition rate of 40 kHz with simultaneous exposure to laser radiation and plasma of an optical discharge created by laser radiation in a jet of process gas (argon). Sheets with a thickness of 1.5 mm were cut at an average laser radiation power of 1.5 kW and an argon pressure of 0.05 MPa. A range of cutting speeds has been determined in which the zone of thermal influence on the cutting edge has a minimum value. According to the results of low-cycle fatigue tests, the sample cut by pulsed radiation withstood 2.6 times more loading cycles compared to the sample cut by continuous radiation, all other things being equal. Tensile tests have not revealed any effect of the cutting method on strength.

https://doi.org/10.48081/JRJD4191

2024

Issue 4

In the last decade, the oil and gas industry has been in dire need of seamless steel pipes resistant to corrosive destruction, which is associated with the development of oil production containing large amounts of hydrogen sulfide and other aggressive impurities. A key role in achieving high rates of resistance to hydrogen cracking is assigned to the development and use of methods for controlling the type, quantity, size and morphology of non-metallic inclusions, the forms of the presence of impurities, the release of non-metallic excess phases or reinforcing structural components. The authors analyzed the current technology of smelting and casting of 13XFA steel at the PF LLP "KSP Steel" enterprise and developed a set of technological measures for smelting, out-of-furnace processing and casting of 13XFA steel, providing a high level of resistance to hydrogen cracking. The conducted series of melts according to the developed technological indicators ensured the achievement of the main HIC indicators at the level of CLR and CTR = 0%. The research was carried out within the framework of grant funding from the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan for a competition for grant funding for scientific and (or) scientific and technical projects for 2024-2026 under the project AR23487674 "Integrated processing of bauxite in Kazakhstan with additional iron recovery by alternative reducing agents in the implementation of the low-carbon development strategy".

https://doi.org/10.48081/RXIH6581

2024

Issue 4

Modern air compressors used in the mining industry have a high margin of safety when operating in difficult conditions: This includes uneven terrain, high temperature differences and work underground. Scientific research, complex of theoretical and experimental studies, is carried out in order to obtain sound initial data, to find principles and ways to create a new generation of compressors for use in a mining field. Air compressors are used in deep mines, including supplying clean air, since there may not be enough air in the mine. The compressor can take in outside air, compress and filter it, then feed it into the tunnel. It is necessary to choose compressor equipment for use in mines very carefully; there are many potential risks and limitations. The basic problem, its relevance – in this paper, the issues related to the device, operation and the possibility of optimizing the design of a screw compressor, gas compressor station in the mining industry are considered. The methods used. The modeling of processes and the construction of flowcharts were carried out using programs MathCad, Drawio, MS PP. A simplified mathematical model of a screw compressor is obtained. Key hypotheses and conclusions. Of the work carried out, the optimal regulator capable of controlling the system with minimal energy consumption has been determined. Originality. The relevance of the topic is explained by the fact that in Kazakhstan and other developing countries special attention is paid to the issue of energy conservation. This requires an increase in the efficiency of gas compressor equipment in general and compressor stations in particular. The practical value is an optimal regulator capable of controlling the system with minimal energy consumption.

https://doi.org/10.48081/XITR9105

2024

Issue 4

This article presents the results of thermodynamic modeling of the process of smelting chromium-manganese-silicon-containing ferroalloy from technogenic raw materials of Kazakhstan. Thermodynamic modeling of chromium-manganese-silicon-containing ferroalloy was carried out using the HSC Chemistry 6 software package (Outokumpu, Finland), based on the principles of minimizing the Gibbs energy and thermodynamic variational principles. Thermodynamic analysis for modeling the process of smelting a complex alloy was carried out in the temperature range from 500 to 2000 ℃ for four real charge compositions (with a 5% deficiency of solid carbon, with a normal course of the regime, and with an excess of solid carbon of 5% and 10% of the stoichiometry). The mechanism of combined carbothermic reduction of silicon, manganese, chromium and iron was studied using the Fe-Cr-Mn-Si-Al-Ca-Mg-C-O system. The calculations performed allowed us to fully study all the physicochemical processes occurring during smelting of chromium-manganese-silicon-containing ferroalloy using the carbothermic method. Based on the thermodynamic data, the optimum consumption of solid carbon per 100 kg of charge (chromium and manganese dust) was determined to be 10.75 kg. The chemical composition of the ferroalloy at 1800 °C is, %: Cr - 35.84; Mn - 24.47; Si - 16.25 and Fe - 22.63.

https://doi.org/10.48081/MJRO9482

2024

Issue 4

The relevance of the study is due to the growing requirements to the accuracy and quality of machining parts in mechanical engineering and construction. The article is devoted to the study of the possibility of using the finite element method (FEM) to optimize the design of metal-cutting machines and construction equipment, in particular, crane girders. In the paper the calculations by the finite element method are carried out for different geometries of crane girder beds and beds of metal-cutting machine tools. The deformation, stress and natural vibration frequencies of the structures were analyzed. The results show that the application of FEM allows to evaluate the strength and stiffness of structures, to identify the zones of increased stresses and to optimize the geometry to increase their load-bearing capacity. Special attention was paid to the use of new materials and design solutions. For example, the use of polymer concrete as a material for the manufacture of machine tool beds was considered, as well as the use of stiffening ribs with variable pitch to increase the strength and stiffness of structures. The obtained results confirm the efficiency of FEM application for optimization of machine tool and construction equipment structures. The models developed on the basis of FEM allow to increase accuracy and reliability of equipment operation, reduce material intensity and production costs.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ZNZL7535

2024

Issue 4

This article reflects the study of the unstable deformed state of pipe shut-off valves, in particular wedge valves, which are used to control the flow of various media in pipeline systems. The paper presents the features of the operation of shut-off valves, the principle of operation of the valve, materials for its manufacture, methods of measuring wear resistance and reliability. The advantages and disadvantages of wedge gate valves are also described. The variety of operating conditions, the high need for reliability and durability, as well as the design differences of the valves complicate the selection of optimal equipment for specific operating conditions. The emphasis is placed on the need to take into account real operational parameters – such as flow velocity, temperature of the transported medium and the position of the wedge – in the design and strength calculation process. The main attention is paid to the issues of surfacing, hard wear-resistant materials, as well as resistance to damage to sealing surfaces. The experimental part of the study includes the deposition of Sv-10X17T in a protective gas environment and observation of the mechanical properties of the deposited layer. In the course of the calculations, the results of confirming the effectiveness of surfacing in increasing the resistance of fittings to wear and resistance to cavitation, which is especially important for operating conditions in aggressive environments.

https://doi.org/10.48081/LOWU5474

2024

Issue 4

This paper explores the possibilities and potential of 3D printing in the production of electric motor components, focusing on its transformative impact on prototyping, customization, and manufacturing. The main goal is to investigate the feasibility of producing functional and efficient electric motors using additive manufacturing technologies, particularly for Brushless DC (BLDC) motors. Key aspects include identifying which components can be effectively 3D printed and understanding the benefits and challenges of integrating 3D-printed parts into motor assemblies. The study examines successful examples of 3D-printed electric motors, such as Christoph Laimer's 600W Halbach-array BLDC motor and others designed for drones, robotics, and educational purposes. These examples highlight the ability of 3D printing to create custom geometries, optimize material usage, and rapidly iterate designs. Furthermore, the research details ongoing efforts to print and assemble a Laimar-inspired 600W BLDC motor, emphasizing technical characteristics and the role of 3D printing in improving its efficiency and adaptability. By showcasing the potential applications of 3D-printed motors across fields like robotics, electric vehicles, and aerospace, the study concludes that additive manufacturing represents a groundbreaking shift in electric motor development. It not only accelerates prototyping processes but also reduces costs and opens new avenues for innovation in design and performance optimization. Keywords: Mechanical engineering, additive manufacturing, automotive industry, 3D printing, industry 4.0, drones, unmanned vehicles

https://doi.org/10.48081/ZPSI4565

2024

Issue 4