This article examines the influence of using gasoline-ethanol fuel blends on the perfomance characteristics of a spark ignition engine and the emission levels of harmful exhaust components. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of different ethanol concentrations (E10,E20,E30) compared to conventional gasoline grades Ai-92 and Ai-95. Experimental data were obtained under three engine operating modes: idle, medium, and high speed. A gas analyzer was used to determine the concentrations of CO, CO₂, NOx, and СН in the exhaust gases. The results showed that blending ethanol with gasoline enhances fuel combustion completeness and reduces the emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons. Due to the lower calorific value of ethanol, a slight increase in specific fuel consumption was observed. Furthermore, the higher octane rating of ethanol improves resistance to detonation and enhances overall engine performance. Overall, the use of gasoline–ethanol blends is a promising approach to improving both the energy efficiency and environmental safety of internal combustion engines. The tests on gasoline–ethanol blends were conducted over a short period of time and provided preliminary results. However, to obtain a complete picture and more accurate data, further long-term engine tests should be carried out under full external loads, including braking conditions.

10.48081/HCYW5972

2025

Issue 4

In the context of the rapid development of digital technologies and the global digitalization of all spheres of life, there has been a significant transformation in the requirements for human capital. The digital maturity of human capital has become one of the key factors in ensuring the competitiveness of organizations, regions, and entire states. Modern scientific research is increasingly focused on identifying methodological foundations, models, and tools that make it possible to assess, shape, and develop the digital competencies and digital culture of employees, managers, and communities as a whole. The purpose of this study is to analyze modern scientific approaches to the development of models for the formation, advancement, and assessment of the digital maturity of human capital, as well as to identify trends and factors influencing the digital transformation of human resources. To assess the digital maturity of companies in the transport and logistics sector, we conducted a study based on expert evaluations from division managers of companies in this industry.

10.48081/XWYP9636

2025

Issue 4

Gear pumps (GPs) are the most common type of hydraulic machine in the domestic mechanical engineering industry. Quality assurance issues have been identified in GPs, resulting in GPs not always delivering the required power, and the GP working parts wearing out relatively quickly, leading to an unacceptable increase in leakage and a drop in volumetric efficiency. To address these issues, research is being conducted to improve GP design. This article presents the results of a study of a new GP design with a biaxial joint and expansion elements made of a rubber compound. Experimental studies of the technical parameters of a GP with a biaxial joint were conducted on a special rig mounted on a lathe. Oil temperature was measured using an oil temperature thermometer. A 7-B 14 raw rubber compound was used to manufacture the solid expansion element. Experimental studies showed that with increasing shaft speed, the performance of the gear pump with a biaxial connection increases, but no sharp increase in oil heating temperature is observed. The obtained values ​​for the operating pressure generated by the proposed design of the gear pump with a biaxial connection and expansion elements at various valve positions showed that their values ​​are the same as the operating pressure of a standard gear pump.

10.48081/POGA9794

2025

Issue 4

The results of experimental studies on determining the efficiency of using heat-insulating mixtures based on ash-slag waste from Ekibastuz coals in steel casting risers are presented. Analysis of the work of foundries in the Pavlodar region shows that when producing steel castings, the average yield of sound castings is about 60%. In the production of steel castings, an effective method is the use of heat-insulating mixtures in risers, which makes it possible to reduce the riser volume due to a longer solidification time of the metal within it. A review of the relevant literature showed that ash-slag waste from thermal power plant coals can be used as a material for heat-insulating mixtures. Considering the large number of thermal power plants in the Pavlodar region and, consequently, the significant amount of ash-slag waste generated, the use of such waste as a base for heat-insulating mixtures appears highly promising. Based on experimental studies, it has been established that the use of heat-insulating mixtures based on ash-slag waste from Ekibastuz coals in steel casting risers significantly reduces the riser volume, which ultimately increases the yield of sound metal in foundry shops and, upon implementation of this technology, reduces the cost of castings. The mechanism of the positive influence of heat-insulating mixtures from ash-slag waste of Ekibastuz coals on the yield of sound steel castings has been identified. It is explained by the swelling of the mixtures during combustion of residual unburned carbon in the ash-slag waste, which leads to an increase in pore volume and, consequently, a decrease in density and thermal conductivity of the heated layers of the mixture adjacent to the riser surface.

10.48081/HVNV9484

2025

Issue 4

In the Republic of Kazakhstan, the volume of production in mechanical engineering and metalworking is steadily increasing, and the competitiveness of enterprises is being stimulated to increase the share of processed products with high added value and focus on foreign markets. One of the current challenges in mechanical engineering is the production of deep holes with small diameters (≤ 1-3 mm in diameter and 20-100 mm or more in depth) in steel mechanical engineering parts. This problem is complex and involves a combination of geometric, thermal, and material science factors. The article presents the results of experimental studies on improving the technological process of manufacturing parts with deep micro-holes by replacing the drilling operation with electro-erosion processing, using the "Nose of the Auto-Pipe" part of an extruder for polymers made of 40X steel. The purpose of the study was to compare the manufacturing process of parts with deep microholes using standard and electric discharge machining methods. In the production conditions of Booster PRO LLC, a comparative analysis of two manufacturing schemes was conducted for the "Car Pipe Nose" part made of 40X steel: using traditional mechanical drilling and using electro-erosion machining. It has been found that for drilling deep micro-holes, EDM is clearly superior to mechanical drilling in terms of accuracy, reliability, and stability, while maintaining a comparable cost of manufacturing parts.

10.48081/WGMB9394

2025

Issue 4

The paper investigates the technology of refining primary aluminum from vanadium impurities, based on flux treatment with boron-containing fluxes. In the Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, on the basis of local enterprises, the production of primary aluminum and products based on local raw materials is developing. The main problem in the production of primary aluminum on the basis of JSC “Kazakhstan Electrolysis Plant” is the presence of undesirable vanadium impurities, which pass into metal during electrolysis from baked anodes based on calcined coke (vanadium content up to 800 ppm) of the local enterprise LLP UPNK-PV (Pavlodar, Kazakhstan). The authors investigated the process of ladle refining of aluminum from vanadium using the Al-B (3% B) alloy. Laboratory and industrial tests have shown a decrease in the vanadium content by an average of 78% in the bulk of the metal, with an increase in its content in volume up to 5-10% of the ladle capacity. It was found that mixing leads to a certain averaging of the vanadium content in the ladle volume. This publication was prepared within the framework of grant funding from the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the Zhas Galym competition under the IRN project AP19175493 “Development of a technology for refining primary aluminum using filters with an active surface.”

10.48081/INET8577

2025

Issue 4

The purpose of this work is aimed at improving the structures and the process of crushing grain and crop waste with the justification of the structural and technological parameters of the extruder screw. To load, process and release the initial grain mixture with crop waste from the extruder in the form of a new compound feed, it must undergo a regulated complex of necessary and consistent technological effects occurring in the relevant sections of the screw group. According to the passage of the loaded feedstock inside the screw group housing and its exit through the spinner without loss of quality of the new final product, it can be obtained with specified characteristics on a short length of the screw shaft, which can lead to a reduction in the total time of the extrusion process and the cost of new compound feeds with vegetable waste ingredients due to increased yields. The possibility of increasing the productivity of an experimental extruder by reconstructing sections of the screw group is a full cycle of work, including theoretical calculations using previously calculated dependencies of productivity and power costs, studying the impact of structural changes and changes in the details of the screw group. The performance of the laboratory extruder was tested on a grain mixture that is rich in minerals and vitamins, such as crushed sunflower and its stems, as well as strictly dosed crop and logging waste, such as Siberian fir needles.

10.48081/EYCM7626

2025

Issue 4

This article presents selected aspects of research focused on determining the required levels of physiologically important micro- and macroelements in the daily diet, which is one of the key factors in improving the productivity of agricultural animals in Kazakhstan. Specifically, it provides results on optimizing pressing pressure in the production of phytomineral-salt licking briquettes for cattle, as well as an evaluation of their physicotechnological and biological properties during long-term storage. The briquettes were developed based on feed salt with the addition of iron sulfate (30 g), zinc (46 g), copper (3.6 g), potassium iodide (3 g), and Siberian fir needles (50 g) rich in vitamin C. Pressing was carried out under pressures ranging from 20 to 60 MPa. The results showed that briquettes pressed at 40 MPa had a density of 1.763±0.146 g/cm³ and a strength of 6.68±0.56 MPa. These indicators were found to be optimal for ensuring structural integrity and product quality. During long-term storage (6 and 12 months), a slight decrease in weight and moisture content was observed, while density and strength remained relatively stable. Animals exhibited high licking activity, consuming on average 30–50 g of briquettes per day. No physiological abnormalities were recorded in any of the experimental groups of cows. The findings confirm that the composition and structure of the phytomineral-salt briquettes ensure their biological attractiveness and safety. Thus, briquettes prepared under a pressure of 40 MPa can be recommended as an effective, balanced, and long-lasting mineral supplement in livestock production.

10.48081/SNDD5011

2025

Issue 4

The growing demand for sustainable energy solutions is driving intensive research into advanced materials for energy storage systems. MXenes–two-dimensional transition metal carbides and nitrides–are considered among the most promising candidates for next-generation supercapacitors due to their exceptional metallic conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and pronounced hydrophilicity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the synthesis, structural modification, and electrochemical performance of MXene materials used in supercapacitors. Various synthesis methods are discussed, including traditional HF etching and safer in-situ methods based on LiF/HCl systems. Strategies for overcoming inherent limitations are analyzed, focusing on functionalization, heteroatom doping, vacancy engineering, and the formation of three-dimensional architectures and hybrid composites with carbon materials and metal oxides. Experimental studies conducted on titanium MXene synthesized using the LiF/HCl soft method revealed a specific capacity of approximately 44 F g⁻¹ in a 6 M KOH electrolyte, providing high performance and excellent cyclic stability. Nearly rectangular CV profiles and symmetric charge-discharge curves confirm the charge storage mechanism in the electric double layer and high Coulombic efficiency. The obtained results demonstrate that MXene electrodes combine high power density, fast charge transfer, and a long cycle life, making them one of the most promising materials for creating high-performance and environmentally sustainable energy storage devices. These energy storage systems also hold significant potential for applications in mechanical engineering, where lightweight, high-power, and long-lasting energy sources are crucial for improving overall mechanical efficiency and performance.

10.48081/TFRY6883

2025

Issue 4

The article presents a physical simulation of the extrusion process of metal workpieces in a closed die cavity with an unsymmetric application of external loads, achieved by shifting the centers of the die hole and the deforming punch. This process is aimed at changing the unidirectional flow of metal, which significantly reduces the likelihood of defects such as cracks and tears, and improves the quality of the resulting forgings. To test the effectiveness of the proposed method, laboratory experiments were conducted using the method of layered models, which make it possible to visually assess the deformation process in a closed cavity of the matrix with an asymmetric application of external loads. To determine the optimal parameters of the deformation process, a two-factor experiment was conducted on the selected research object and, based on the results of statistical processing of experimental data, a mathematical model (regression equation) was obtained that adequately describes the process of metal extrusion into a hole in a closed matrix. The resulting mathematical model is suitable and can be used to determine the technological and geometric parameters when processing workpieces in a closed cavity of the matrix. Computer modeling confirmed these observations, revealing the intensity of shear deformations in the zone of maximum plastic deformation in the range of 1-2. The results obtained make it possible to more accurately predict the behavior of the material during extrusion and optimize the technological process to improve the quality of forgings. The results of the study are of practical importance for mechanical engineering, in particular for the automotive and aviation industries, where the production of high-quality blanks with ultrafine-grained or nanostructured materials with enhanced physical and mechanical properties is required.

10.48081/DYMM6865

2025

Issue 4