The article describes a unique experimental methodology for developing communication skills of future engineers in a foreign language, which is being implemented at Tomsk Polytechnic University. The pilot project involves the creation of conditions (“compression”) in the process of training specialists with higher education in the field of engineering and technology, ensuring the necessary level of their communication skills in the professional/subject field in a foreign language without allocating additional hours and classes for its study. The methodology is based on the integration of language elements directly into the content of engineering disciplines, which makes it possible to avoid the artificial separation of language and professional training. This approach facilitates a more natural acquisition of the foreign language and enhances students’ motivation. Students are given the opportunity to improve their level of proficiency in a professional foreign language within the framework of classes in natural sciences, general engineering and professional disciplines in the form of an interactive session in English for 10–15 minutes at the end of each lesson - “Result”, as well as by allocating hours from independent work of students for a week-long “Intensive” on engineering topics in English. The project is still in the process of implementation, but we can already note the first positive results and an increase in the level of English-speaking communication among students in the experimental group.

https://doi.org/10.48081/KXWV1658

2025

Issue 2

In this work the influence of parameters of gas-flame spraying and subsequent heat treatment on the structure, microhardness and tribological properties of coatings based on self-fluxing nickel alloys of Ni-Cr-Fe-B-Si system was investigated. Structural steel grade 45 was used as a substrate. The coatings were applied by gas-flame spraying, after which they were subjected to thermal influence in a furnace and by a gun flame. A complex of mechano-tribological investigations was carried out: microhardness values were obtained, morphology, porosity and wear resistance were studied by dry friction method according to the scheme ‘ball-disk’. It was found that the optimum temperature of substrate preheating is 200-250 ºC, at which the highest hardness and homogeneity of the coating is achieved. Both variants of heat treatment contribute to porosity reduction, increase of coating density and significant reduction of friction coefficient. The formation of Cr₂O₃ and SiO₂ oxides additionally increases the performance characteristics of the coatings. The obtained data are confirmed by the results of electron-microscopic analysis, tribological tests, as well as compared with the data given in the works of foreign authors. The developed technology can be used to increase the durability, reliability and economic efficiency of parts operated under conditions of increased wear, thermal and mechanical loads.

https://doi.org/10.48081/LDRY4952

2025

Issue 2

The idea of the secondary use of automotive power units, such as engines, transmissions and other components, in the actuators of transport equipment, allows you to save resources and improve performance compared with the cost of major repairs or the purchase of a new factory drive unit. To assess the effectiveness of the idea with the secondary use of vehicle assemblies, it is necessary to analyze several factors, such as the condition, availability of power units, their compatibility with the required actuators, the cost of adapting or upgrading units, as well as the potential economic and environmental benefits of production. The article proposes to classify possible configurations of actuators, and the summary table shows the main types of actuators based on the most common 4-cylinder inline internal combustion engines, depending on the required drive automation, connection method, design, and control method. The proposed table makes it possible to calculate production costs as efficiently as possible, depending on the selected configuration and purpose of the actuator. Based on the data analysis, depending on the purpose, a choice was made of an advantageous design of the drive design, according to which the experimental sample was made. An analysis of the initial data in the table and literature sources has determined an economic and mathematical expression that allows calculating the profitability and efficiency of production of an actuator based on swap sets of recyclable vehicles at the initial stage.

https://doi.org/10.48081/RRUQ5726

2025

Issue 2

This article is devoted to the study of the possibilities of integrating renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind farms, into the architectural appearance of urban residential and public buildings and structures. This topic is becoming increasingly relevant in light of modern trends in innovative design and the growing interest in the use of renewable energy sources. Architecture that uses technologies for converting sunlight and wind power into energy not only helps to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, but also opens up new opportunities for creating a visually attractive and functional urban environment. During the study, existing types of solar panels (monocrystalline, polycrystalline, thin-film) and wind generators (with horizontal and vertical axis) were monitored, and their specific characteristics and features of integration into elements of buildings and structures were studied. At the same time, special attention was paid to successful examples of the use of such technologies in international architectural practice, which clearly demonstrate how modern buildings and structures can effectively use solar and wind energy while maintaining aesthetics and functionality. As a result of the study, recommendations for the integration of solar and wind farms into the architecture of buildings and structures in Kazakhstan are presented. The recommendations outlined can significantly improve the efficiency of buildings and structures, optimize their operational characteristics, and give them a modern and aesthetically expressive appearance that can meet modern requirements of the urban landscape.

https://doi.org/10.48081/OOVP1207

2025

Issue 2

The article is devoted to the design of a plant for drying polydispersed materials. In order to increase the efficiency use of the drying agent, eliminate the formation of stagnant zones inside the chamber, reduce the specific energy consumption per unit of production, eliminate agglomeration of particles and reduce the loss of drying material, a new design of a dryer for polydisperse materials has been developed. The article presents the device and principle of operation of the plant for drying polydispersed materials. Proposed plant comprises crescent-like nozzles, shafts, vortex chamber, material loader, tangential branch pipes, etc. The principle of operation of the plant is to dry the crushed material under the pressure of a drying agent and kinetic energy in a vortex chamber in a stable fluidization mode. Preliminary experiments were carried out on the moisture content of the product using a polydisperse drying plant. Curves of humidity changes, drying curves and curves of curd drying rate with fat content of 2% were obtained. A method for engineering calculation of a polydisperse material drying unit has been developed. As a result of using the polydisperse materials drying plant, it will make it possible to intensify the drying process, create a stable fluidization regime, and ensure uniform drying of the product. The apparatus can be used to dry thermolabile materials for which prolonged exposure to high temperature undesirable. When designing an installation for drying polydisperse materials, it is necessary to take into account that the inhomogeneity of the fluidized bed creates conditions for unstable operation of the apparatus, pressure losses in the layer of polydisperse materials linearly increase the of the layer height, and the gas distribution grid has significant resistance. Therefore, to ensure the conditions of an effective hydrodynamic situation, it is necessary to use devices without a gas distribution grid with agitators that mix the dried material, reduce the influence of the above negative factors and contribute to the intensification of drying in a fluidized bed.

https://doi.org/10.48081/TPHX6314

2025

Issue 2

Technogenic raw materials have significant economic value and repre-sent one of the key reserves for increasing resources without the need for large capital investments in the development of new deposits. In Kazakh-stan, metallurgical slags remain poorly studied, so it is necessary to conduct research on metallurgical slags to assess their properties and processing potential, which can contribute to a more efficient use of resources and solve urgent problems facing the country's industry in the context of transi-tion to a circular economy and sustainable development. In the work chemi-cal and mineralogical composition, morphology and structure of lead slag of “Kazzinc” LLP are studied. It is shown that the slag contains valuable components Pb, Cu and Zn in the form of oxides in quantities of commercial interest for their extraction. The results of lead slag processing technology are presented, effective reagents are revealed and the influence of tempera-ture on leaching of lead, zinc and copper using hydrochloric acid is studied. Zn-89,2%; Pb-31,8%; Cu-76,8%, as well as Mg and Fe in the amount of 81% and 83,4%, respectively, were transferred to the productive solution. The apparent activation energies for Pb, Cu and Zn were 62 kJ/mol, 103.4 kJ/mol. and 91.07 kJ/mol, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.48081/WPLP1389

2025

Issue 2

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the development of mechanical structures for a robotic manipulator integrated with computer vision algorithms to facilitate motion control and pattern recognition tasks. Recent advances in intelligent automation highlight the growing need for versatile and robust manipulators capable of operating in dynamic environments. A modular mechanical design that enables both dexterous manipulation and stable operation is proposed. In addition, vision-based algorithms for object detection, tracking, and recognition are implemented using machine learning techniques to improve the robustness of motion planning and control. Experimental evaluations show that the integrated system achieves an average cycle time of approximately 4 seconds per element with an improvement in throughput of approximately 35% while maintaining an average trajectory tracking error of less than 2°. These results confirm that precise closed-loop control supported by real-time vision feedback enables smooth and accurate motion even under varying loads. This integration not only advances industrial automation, but also opens up opportunities for further research in the field of autonomous handling systems within the framework of intelligent logistics.

https://doi.org/10.48081/KKLG8361

2025

Issue 2

In the context of growing industrial production and increasing focus on sustainable development, the recycling of technological waste is gaining strategic importance. Metallurgical slags, formed as by-products in the steelmaking industry, represent valuable mineral resources suitable for reuse. This article examines current and emerging methods for the utilization and recycling of blast furnace, open-hearth, and electric arc furnace slags as components in binders and construction materials. Special attention is given to innovative approaches for the activation and modification of slags aimed at enhancing their hydraulic activity and performance properties. A classification of slags based on the type of metallurgical production is provided, and the directions for their rational use are systematized according to their chemical and mineralogical composition. Based on a comprehensive analysis of literature sources and experimental data as well as technology strategies are proposed to minimize the environmental impact of slags and to increase the efficiency of their industrial utilization.

https://doi.org/10.48081/GZNT1561

2025

Issue 2

The article considers the possibility of using low-burning gas coals in combination with long-flame non-burning coals to produce effective reducing agents used in the ferroalloy industry. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimal ratio of coal charge components that provides the required physico-chemical characteristics of the resulting coke. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal studies were carried out, which made it possible to establish the relationship between the proportion of non-burning coals and mass loss, thermal effects, structural strength, reactivity (CRI) and strength after reaction (CSR). Experimental coal mixtures were subjected to heat treatment, after which the strength characteristics of coke were evaluated. It was found that an increase in the content of non-burning coals leads to a decrease in coke yield and its strength characteristics, while mixtures with a low-burning coal content of 75–100 % demonstrate the best performance in terms of strength and suitability for use in the ferroalloy industry. The presented results confirm the prospects of using coal of domestic origin and can be used to develop a technology for producing reducing agents with specified properties, which will reduce dependence on imported coke and increase the efficiency of using local coal resources.

https://doi.org/10.48081/LKVG3705

2025

Issue 2

The aim of this work is the experimental substantiation for optimizing the chemical composition of pouring cast iron used in the assembly of anodes for aluminum electrolysis cells, utilizing steelmaking slag from a ladle furnace (LF) and other corrective additives. The optimization of the cast iron is focused on improving its operational properties. This includes reducing electrical resistivity to decrease voltage and energy losses during electrolysis in the "nipple-anode" contact. It is also critically important to achieve a combination of brittleness and strength that ensures easy and complete removal of the cast iron during anode dismantling. The study showed that using only steelmaking slag as a corrective component has limited effectiveness, especially in terms of phosphorus and sulfur removal. However, a developed comprehensive approach, involving the combined use of steelmaking slag, lime for enhanced dephosphorization and desulfurization, graphite for carbon stabilization, and ferroalloys for correcting silicon and manganese content, demonstrated high efficiency. As a result, cast iron with an optimized chemical composition was obtained (wt.%): carbon 3.3–3.5; silicon 2.4–2.5; manganese 0.7–0.72; phosphorus 0.15–0.18; sulfur 0.05–0.06. This composition ensures not only the effective removal of impurities but also the formation of the target structure and properties of the cast iron, leading to a significant improvement in its operational characteristics, as confirmed by test results.

https://doi.org/10.48081/VZHP2817

2025

Issue 2