The article presents the results of laboratory studies on agglomeration of gas cleaning sludge mixed with rich dust from inertial collectors and dust after drying chrome ore. The technological process of pelletizing, which consists of: preparation of raw materials for pelletizing (crushing, classification, drying and mixing of components), pellet processing operations for the purpose of separating fines and strengthening. In this work, polymeric binders act as binders: cement, clay powder for chrome pellets, organic binder ligno and polymer binder, which is a polymer based on acrylic acid amide and an inorganic binder. Different types of binders, each of which has specific requirements. Several types of basic materials and binders, to determine the optimal recipe for pelletizing fine-grade ore raw materials, humidity and cold agglomeration modes. Qualitative and quantitative indicators of the obtained agglomerated products are estimated. The optimal composition of the mixture for agglomeration has been formulated. The results of measuring the mechanical properties have been obtained, tables for drop, impact and abrasion are provided, as well as drawings of the results of pelletized materials. The factors influencing the quality of pellets have been determined.

https://doi.org/10.48081/TYVF4433

2025

Issue 2

This research presents the results of an experimental campaign on glued wooden I-beams. The work involved two types of glued wooden beams technique. The key investigation parameters were the variation of bonding approaches on the OSB board (in grove, and side glue). The groove connection ensures uniform load distribution within the joint area. A force applied perpendicular to the surface of one component is evenly transmitted to adjacent parts through the ridge and tongue. The forces generated in the connection area are substantially lower than the bearing capacity of the connected elements, enhancing the structure's overall reliability. This approach increases the contact area between connected parts, thereby improving the strength and durability of the adhesive joint. The I-beam glued wooden beams prepared for the experiment were subjected to stress to determine the strength characteristics. The experimental program also aimed to analyze the influence of these beam bonding methods on the overall deformation behavior at different loading levels.

https://doi.org/10.48081/LYQQ6848

2025

Issue 2

This study examines the influence of technological parameters of electroslag surfacing (current intensity, slag bath voltage, and water flow rate) on the comprehensive quality indicators of surfaced gear teeth. The current determines the amount of heat generated in the surfacing zone, which affects the penetration depth and the crystallization conditions of both the base metal and the teeth. The slag bath voltage reflects the electrical resistance of the slag and the stability of the arc discharge, which is critically important for uniform and defect-free surfacing of gear teeth. The water flow rate determines the cooling efficiency of the crystallizer, influencing the cooling rate, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the surfaced teeth. Therefore, these parameters were chosen as the main criteria for evaluating the quality of the surfaced teeth. A correlation analysis was carried out to determine the significant relationship between the technological parameters and the quality level of the surfaced teeth. It was found that increasing the current up to 375 A contributes to an increase in the Ki index; however, exceeding this value causes overheating and leads to structural defects. The slag bath voltage affects the process stability, with optimal results observed in the range of 70.8 to 73.25 V. The study also showed that insufficient cooling of the crystallizer (down to 3.5 L/min) leads to the accumulation of thermal stresses, the formation of cavities, and a decrease in quality. These results can be applied to improve component restoration technologies in various industries.

https://doi.org/10.48081/TLZS5198

2025

Issue 2

The article considers the issues of automation of planning of heterogeneous flows on the railways of Kazakhstan, taking into account their importance for the economy of the country. A review of previous studies aimed at the development and implementation of mathematical models (MM) and intelligent transport systems (ITS) is conducted, allowing to take into account heterogeneous characteristics of traffic flows, including various types of cargo and passenger flows, infrastructure limitations, economic and time factors. Based on the analysis of existing approaches, their limitations are identified and promising directions for improving the methods and models of traffic flow management are proposed, taking into account their heterogeneity. Emphasis is placed on the need for an integrated approach and the use of modern information technologies to improve the efficiency of the railway transport (RT) of Kazakhstan. Modern problems of planning heterogeneous transport flows (hereinafter we use the abbreviation – NTP) on all types of transport, including rail transport (RR), often come down to finding optimal solutions in problems of maximum flows Real transport flows on the railways of Kazakhstan (hereinafter RK) are predominantly heterogeneous, as they include elements with different characteristics, such as ownership, functional purpose (passenger flows and freight flows), transportation requirements, as well as service features and time parameters.

https://doi.org/10.48081/DKHG5579

2025

Issue 2

This article is devoted to the study of the process of reduction of rolled scale subjected to crushing without further screening and other preparatory operations in a hydrogen stream. The filling height of the scale powder, represented by the main fraction 0.9 – 0.315 mm, was 10 mm, the recovery time was 60 minutes, the temperature was 900 and 1000 ℃. During and after the restoration, qualitative signs were considered, which can be used to judge the progress of the restoration process: by the appearance of the torch formed as a result of igniting hydrogen at the outlet of the furnace; according to the external signs of a metal sponge formed as a result of restoration. The absence of strict control of the granulometric composition and other preparatory operations and the production of iron powder with a purity of up to 95.8% at 1000 ° C showed the potential for adapting this technology in real industry without significant costs for additional equipment. With the complete reduction of iron oxides in the composition of the iron powder, an impurity, SiO2, remained finely distributed in the structure of powder particles, which was present as a result of sandblasting rolled products to remove scale. This indicates the need for preliminary impurity removal to obtain pure iron powder.

https://doi.org/10.48081/AZNG9126

2025

Issue 2

This article identifies a mathematical model for constructing a situation on the distribution of dust concentration from impact factors during loading and unloading operations with covered vehicles and cargo with a dusty character, such as cement, dry building mixes and flour products packaged in bags. The analysis of the mechanism of dust concentration distribution and the corresponding impact factors when working with this cargo is carried out. During these operations, protective equipment is available for the workforce involved, but these tools do not create a convenient, comfortable working environment, as work is carried out with respirators, goggles or masks that become clogged, require periodic cleaning, etc. Dustiness also leads to rapid wear of equipment operating during loading or unloading or overheating, burning out of electric motors of this type. equipment. Therefore, it is important to understand the patterns of dust concentration distribution during these operations. In this article, these studies are based on the theory of similarity and the equation of motion of a two-phase gas-solid flow, which takes into account the implementation of loading and unloading operations in an indoor vehicle by a belt conveyor. There are six main factors that affect the dust distribution around the conveyor belt, such as the direction of air flow, the average air flow velocity, the working speed of the belt, humidity in the covered cargo compartment of the vehicle, the feed rate and the height of the cargo to and from the conveyor belt.

https://doi.org/10.48081/KRMH8875

2025

Issue 2

This study focuses on the design and optimization of the geometric parameters of gears in electric vehicle (EV) transmissions to enhance performance, efficiency, and noise reduction. The optimization process was conducted using KISSsoft, considering constraints such as input speed and torque, transmission system volume, and gear ratios for each driving mode. A novel aspect of this research is the integration of transmission efficiency analysis with a variable efficiency coefficient into the optimization workflow, which has been demonstrated to significantly influence the optimal design of multi-speed EV transmissions. Throughout the optimization, key factors such as tooth bending stress, contact stress, contact ratio, and specific sliding were analyzed. Additionally, the impact of module variations on gear profile geometry, overlap ratio, tooth count, and gear pair mass was investigated. Strength calculations for the optimized gear pairs, determined for all geometric parameters using KISSsoft, were performed in accordance with the mathematical model outlined in ISO 6336, and the results were subsequently compared. The findings emphasize the critical role of profile modifications and precise gear design in optimizing gear performance, ultimately contributing to improved efficiency, reliability, and service life.

https://doi.org/10.48081/JAKQ6441

2025

Issue 2

This article explores modern approaches to the use of innovative reinforcement in the construction of reinforced concrete structures. The main focus is on composite and polymer materials, which possess unique properties such as increased corrosion resistance, reduced weight, and improved mechanical performance. These characteristics open up wide opportunities for the application of such materials in construction, especially in conditions of high humidity or aggressive environments. However, despite the obvious advantages, there are also significant obstacles to the widespread adoption of new types of reinforcement. These include insufficient development of regulatory documents, high material costs, and their limited availability on the market. The article also analyzes the economic aspects of using innovative solutions, including their impact on the overall cost of construction and project timelines. Particular attention is paid to the prospects for the development of reinforcement technologies aimed at improving the durability, reliability, and efficiency of reinforced concrete structures. The possibilities of optimizing construction processes through the introduction of new materials and technologies, as well as the need for their adaptation to modern industry requirements, are considered. An important aspect of the work is the emphasis on interdisciplinary research, which can become the key to developing comprehensive solutions to overcome existing barriers. Thus, the article not only highlights the advantages of next-generation reinforcement but also offers practical recommendations for its broader application in construction practice.

https://doi.org/10.48081/JEWB8462

2025

Issue 2

Тo enhance the reliability of technologies used in additive manufacturing and expand their capabilities, the integration of the printing system with traditional technologies is being considered. However, one of the main challenges in this process is the inaccurate positioning of the print head, which can lead to a decrease in the quality of the fabricated structure. To address this issue, this paper proposes the use of a manipulator that compensates for deviations of the boom of traditional machinery used as a manipulator during 3D printing, thereby ensuring precise positioning of the print head. In selecting the manipulator, an analysis of serial and parallel manipulators was conducted. The manipulator effectively compensates for deviations along the XYZ axes in the working space, improving printing accuracy and quality. To accomplish this task, the Clavel delta robot was chosen due to its high speed, precise positioning capabilities, and sufficient rigidity provided by its parallel kinematics. During the study, direct and inverse kinematics problems were solved, the working area of the manipulator was determined, and its suitability for the given task was confirmed. The obtained results can be used to further optimize the 3D printing process and enhance its technological efficiency.Keywords: concrete 3D printing, manipulator, inverse kinematics, forward kinematics, Clavel's delta robot.

https://doi.org/10.48081/ECWK2774

2025

Issue 2

This paper examines the development and optimization of the control system for a lower limb exoskeleton with a gravity-independent suspension. The main focus is on creating adaptive control algorithms aimed at improving user mobility, reducing energy consumption, and ensuring a high degree of device autonomy. The study includes an analysis of existing exoskeleton designs, identifies their limitations, and proposes new approaches to optimizing mechanical structures, software, and power management systems. The developed control model is based on the use of inertial sensors, electromyographic sensors, and machine learning algorithms, allowing the exoskeleton to adapt to changes in the external environment and individual user characteristics. Special attention is given to the integration of regenerative systems that convert kinetic energy from movement into electrical energy, thereby extending the device's autonomous operation time. Empirical tests confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed solutions, demonstrating a significant reduction in muscle load, increased stability, and overall efficiency of the exoskeleton in various operating conditions. The development of a lower limb exoskeleton with a gravity-independent suspension represents a significant advancement in robotics, rehabilitation medicine, and industrial applications, opening new prospects for intelligent assistive devices capable of adapting to a wide range of tasks and user needs.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HFDE5458

2025

Issue 2