The article presents a simulation of the low-temperature solid-phase reduction process of nickel laterite ore from the "Batamsha" deposit using the "HSC Chemistry 10" software package. X-ray phase analysis determined the phase composition of the nickel ore: 1.43% NiO, 5.2% Fe₂O₃, 9.4% Fe₃O₄, 6% FeO·OH, 5.4% Fe₂SiO₄, 0.27% FeS, 4.2% MgSiO₃, 12.4% Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄, 35.1% CaAl₂Si₂O₈, 17.8% SiO₂, and 2.8% CaCO₃. The obtained data were used to calculate the molar composition of the nickel ore, necessary for determining the number of moles of components involved in the reduction reactions of oxide compounds in the ore, utilizing the "HSC Chemistry 10" software package. The thermodynamics of the reduction process was studied using the Equilibrium Composition module, which calculates the equilibrium compositions of interacting phases based on the Gibbs free energy minimization method. The reduction of nickel laterite ore was investigated using carbon monoxide and its mixtures with hydrogen in ratios of (1:1), (1:2), and (1:3). The study using carbon monoxide as a reducing agent showed that nickel reduction begins at 440 °C, with complete reduction achieved at a reductant consumption of 1.1 moles at a temperature of 900 °C. The research demonstrated that adding hydrogen to CO significantly lowers the reduction onset and complete reduction temperatures of nickel (from 440/900 °C to 340/700 °C) as well as the required reductant consumption. In all experiments, iron reduction began at 440 °C, indicating selective nickel reduction when using CO-hydrogen mixtures. The CO+H₂ reducing mixture in a 1:2 ratio can be considered optimal in terms of balancing reduction efficiency and economic process parameters. The obtained results indicate the potential of using hydrogen-containing reducing mixtures to improve the efficiency of nickel extraction from laterite ores. However, the optimal mixture composition depends on the specific characteristics of the ore and technological conditions.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HVTA9346

2025

Issue 1

Currently, scientific and technological progress is associated with the increasing importance of manufacturing technology in the creation of new products. The constant increase in the range of manufactured products, shortening the time for changing production facilities, increasing the complexity of part designs, and increasing the requirements for accuracy and surface quality implies an increase in the volume of blade processing operations, among which hole processing operations occupy a particularly prominent place. This article is devoted to optimizing machining operations to ensure that the finished part is of the required quality at a minimum cost of processing. The effectiveness and expediency of the widespread use of scientifically based optimization methods for the analysis and processing of information, in particular, for the research and optimization of various technological processes of metalworking, is shown. An increase in the efficiency of the hole processing process with a chisel assembly with a rigid attachment without vertex teeth was achieved using a mathematical model solved graphically. Technical limitations have been selected and calculated, and a graphical representation of the machining process with a chisel assembly with without vertex teeth for structural steel (Steel 45) has been constructed. Optimal modes (rotation speed and feed rate) of hole processing have been determined, taking into account all technological, structural, organizational and production conditions.

https://doi.org/10.48081/DBOI7744

2025

Issue 1

The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of motorization, while the car is presented as a source of increased danger. The role of the driver of a motor vehicle in ensuring road safety is revealed. The main causes associated with the driver, as well as indirectly depending on the driver, influencing the occurrence of road accidents, are considered. Recommendations are given to ensure the reliability of the driver's work. The necessity of psychophysiological selection of the driver of a motor vehicle is substantiated. Among the types of professional selection, psychophysiological selection occupies a special place. This is due to the fact that psychophysiological studies make it possible to quickly and objectively measure a large number of psychophysiological properties. Psychophysiological characteristics of a person can quantitatively express professionally important qualities and for professions of the "man-machine" system have a fairly high prognostication. The need for the use of non-invasive measuring devices to determine the degree of reliability of the driver of a motor vehicle is also substantiated. The reliability of the driver's work is consistent with one of the main laws of psychophysiology - the success of work depending on mental stress. The article also discusses measuring devices for determining the psychophysiological state of a non-invasive driver.

https://doi.org/10.48081/CIFL5767

2025

Issue 1

At present, the problem of processing gold ores containing copper is one of the most urgent, since copper in gold ores is both a valuable component and a harmful impurity that complicates the process of gold extraction. First of all, it concerns cyanidation - one of the main operations in the process of metallurgical processing of gold ore raw materials. Since cyanidation is the basic process for gold recovery technology, gold ores or concentrates, which for one reason or another are difficult to be treated by cyanidation, are categorized as refractory. The persistence of gold ores in relation to the cyanide process is characterized by several criteria, which are determined by the nature of the relationship of gold particles with minerals and rock in the ore, the presence of minerals and substances in the ore that slow down the rate of dissolution of gold and cause increased consumption of cyanide, the presence of natural sorbents in the ore. To the criteria of persistence of gold ores include physical depression, chemical depression, as well as sorption activity of minerals present in the ore.Thus, the stage of determining the material composition and gold-copper ores is one of the responsible stages, because it depends on the delnejshey strategy for determining the processing technology of cyanide leaching of gold-copper ores. As a result of the conducted research it was found out that in the composition of the ore gold content in the sample amounted to - 1.2 g/t. Silver content also amounted to - 1.2g/t. The total amount of copper amounted to 0.15%. The iron content amounted to 5.10%. The total amount of sulfur was 0.34%.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HAHW3828

2025

Issue 1

During the production of ferroalloys, significant amounts of fine metallic dust are generated, leading to material losses and necessitating the development of efficient recycling methods. One promising approach is the agglomeration of dust waste followed by its reuse in the metallurgical process. This study explores the potential for processing aspiration dust (AD) generated during the crushing of high-carbon ferrochrome (HCFeCr) by briquetting it with the addition of dust from baghouse filters of dry gas cleaning systems (BFD). The physicochemical analysis of AD revealed that it is highly dispersed and chemically similar to standard HCFeCr grades. However, its low wettability and specific grain shape make independent briquetting challenging. The addition of BFD enhances interparticle adhesion, improves the mechanical properties of the briquettes, and serves as an additional source of chromium and slag-forming components, eliminating the need for recycled slags during remelting. The use of polymer-based binders results in briquettes with high mechanical strength, exceeding standard requirements by 2-3 times. The proposed recycling method reduces chromium losses, minimizes waste generation, enhances resource efficiency, and can be integrated into existing ferroalloy production infrastructure. Thus, the developed technology contributes to the rational utilization of secondary materials and reduces environmental impact.

https://doi.org/10.48081/BVUY4821

2025

Issue 1

This article discusses the development and application of modern machine learning methods for monitoring and predicting the technical condition of pumps used in an industrial setting. The study object is Warman MCR series horizontal slurry pumps, designed for continuous pumping of abrasive suspensions containing solid particles in industrial environments. These pumps are well-suited for liquids with high concentrations of solids, thanks to their enhanced reliability and wear resistance. They operate under high mechanical loads, necessitating constant monitoring of their technical condition. Over the course of 1.5 years, with measurements taken every three weeks, the vibrational characteristics of the bearings of two such continuously operating pumps within the pump fleet were measured and analyzed. Monitoring was carried out under normal operating conditions in an industrial environment. Vibration parameters were recorded using the VibroExpert II system with accelerometric sensors, capturing maximum, “peak-to-peak,” and root mean square values of vibration velocity and vibration acceleration. Moreover, mechanical and total sound pressure levels (dBm and dBc) were measured. The data were processed in the MATLAB environment. During the study, Breiman’s bagging method was applied to the first pump, demonstrating high accuracy—up to 90% of the variance in the vibration data (R²=0.9045)—allowing for the prediction of potential wear and possible component failure. This approach utilized 300 decision trees, each trained on its own bootstrap sample, and the final result was formed by ensemble averaging. For the second pump, neural networks were used, showing R²=0.7365 and capable of detecting significant deviations in vibrational characteristics. While only a single hidden layer with 10 neurons was employed, the addition of L2 regularization helped to avoid excessive “memorization” (overfitting) and improved the model’s generalization ability. For each of these methods, a mathematical model is presented, confirming the feasibility of using these approaches to enhance the reliability and durability of pump equipment. The study results indicate that utilizing machine learning methods for pump fleet monitoring significantly improves the accuracy of equipment condition forecasting.

https://doi.org/10.48081/RNRL5697

2025

Issue 1

The study describes the solution to the problem of ensuring the strength of the overhead crane girder made of ASTM A572–50 steel. Optimization of the internal section of the crane beam by placing stiffeners in the form of intersecting ribs (X) increases its bearing capacity. Important factors ensuring the consistency of the characteristics of the ASTM A572–50 steel crane girder are changing the geometry of the crane girder, which is one of the effective ways to increase its strength and bearing capacity. A properly selected beam profile shape optimizes stress distribution and reduces the likelihood of cracks and deformations. The shape of the cross-section of the beam significantly affects the stress distribution inside it. The optimal geometry allows you to reduce the stress concentration in hazardous areas and prevent the appearance of cracks. The analysis shows that a properly selected geometry makes it possible to reduce the weight of the beam without compromising its strength, which reduces the crane's energy consumption and increases its maneuverability. Mathematical modeling allowed us to establish a direct relationship between the load on the crane beam and its deflection. The obtained regression equation with a high coefficient of determination (R2=0.999) confirms the reliability of the model and makes it possible to predict the behavior of the structure under various loads.

https://doi.org/10.48081/YESC1031

2025

Issue 1

This article discusses the problems of analysis, construction and calculation of a mathematical model of oscillations of a single-axis device of a pneumatic suspended crew at the second stage. Pneumatic suspension is widely used in vehicles to ensure comfort and convenient handling. The single-axle device of the pneumatic suspension crew of the second stage is a complex system in which it is necessary to analyze its vibrations to optimize its performance. Analysis of a mathematical model involves determining the following characteristics: - Specific frequencies and forms of oscillations: specific frequencies determine the frequencies that the system oscillates after a disturbance. Specific forms of oscillations characterize the relative amplitude of oscillations in different parts of the system. - Transmission function: the transmission function describes the ratio of the output signal (body displacement) to the input signal. This shows how the system responds to different frequencies. - Comfort level: the level of comfort is assessed by the oscillation amplitude of the bodywork and its derivatives. The analysis of the mathematical model makes it possible to optimize the oscillation characteristics of a single-axle device of a pneumatic suspended crew of the second stage by adjusting the damping and stiffness coefficients. Optimization can focus on: - Decrease in the amplitude of body vibrations; - Increase the level of comfort; - Improve vehicle handling.

https://doi.org/10.48081/HAWP6336

2025

Issue 1

Geopolitical turbulence in the world continues to impact freight logistics and provides growth opportunities for alternative transport corridors and infrastructure facilities. The process of changing the global logistics map has accelerated since the pandemic and subsequent Russian-Ukrainian and Israeli-Palestinian conflicts. All these events, along with the crisis in the Red Sea, have led to the emergence of international logistics contradictions aimed at manipulating the trade potential of the region. Euro-Asian inland transport corridors form one of the largest channels of global goods movement logistics. The Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (Middle Corridor) is considered to be one of these competitive channels. For Euro-Asian countries, the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route plays a more significant role than just a bridge between China and Europe. This transport route primarily allows us to diversify the logistics of goods distribution and update the transport infrastructure of the countries of Central Asia and the South Caucasus. In the context of the destabilization of the geopolitical situation in the world, Kazakhstan, which has large reserves of energy resources and a developed transport and logistics infrastructure, has become a key country in trade relations between Europe and China. The analysis and ranking of Euro-Asian inland transport corridors supporting cargo transportation in the direction China-Europe-China is carried out. Geopolitical, economic and transportation factors determining the role of competitiveness of the Trans-Caspian international transportation route in global logistics are considered

https://doi.org/10.48081/XUYF2842

2025

Issue 1

This article presents an integrated approach to the mathematical modeling of the wear process during rotary metalworking using a tool with a self-rotating cutting edge. The developed model combines the dynamics of rotation of the cutting plate, based on the calculation of the moments created by the main components of the cutting forces, taking into account inertial effects and friction in the bearing assembly, as well as the local wear process, characterized by a stochastic description of the contact of the tool with the workpiece. Special attention is paid to the effect of self-rotation, which ensures uniform load distribution over the entire circumference of the cutting edge, significantly reducing local overloads and prolonging tool life. The mathematical model describes the dynamics of rotation and wear accumulation using a probability-theoretical approach, which allows taking into account both deterministic and random aspects of the cutting process. The Euler method is used to numerically solve the equations of dynamics and wear, and the Monte Carlo method is used to simulate random fluctuations in contact. The implemented Python program demonstrates the practical applicability of the proposed approach by visualizing the wear distribution along the angular coordinate, the dynamics of the angular velocity of the tool, and the wear evolution of individual segments. The results obtained can become the basis for the development of recommendations for optimizing turning and other types of machining using tools with a self-rotating cutting edge.

https://doi.org/10.48081/EOCX3643

2025

Issue 1